为了增加有价值的内容，我想创建一个关于为什么有时VBA中的RegEx不是理想的提醒。并不是支持所有的表达式，而是可能抛出一个Error 5017，并可能让作者猜测(这是我自己的受害者)。

虽然我们可以找到一些关于什么是支持的来源，但知道哪些元字符等是不支持的将是有帮助的。更深入的解释可以在这里找到。该资料中提到:

"Although "VBScript正则表达式…5.5版本实现了很多基本的正则表达式特性，这些特性在以前版本的VBScript. ...中是没有的JavaScript和VBScript实现了perl风格的正则表达式。然而，它们缺乏Perl和其他现代正则表达式中提供的大量高级特性:

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因此，不支持的有:

Start of String ancor \A, alternatively use the ^ caret to match postion before 1st char in string End of String ancor \Z, alternatively use the $ dollar sign to match postion after last char in string Positive LookBehind, e.g.: (?<=a)b (whilst postive LookAhead is supported) Negative LookBehind, e.g.: (?<!a)b (whilst negative LookAhead is supported) Atomic Grouping Possessive Quantifiers Unicode e.g.: \{uFFFF} Named Capturing Groups. Alternatively use Numbered Capturing Groups Inline modifiers, e.g.: /i (case sensitivity) or /g (global) etc. Set these through the RegExp object properties > RegExp.Global = True and RegExp.IgnoreCase = True if available. Conditionals Regular Expression Comments. Add these with regular ' comments in script

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我已经在VBA中使用正则表达式不止一次地碰壁了。通常使用LookBehind，但有时我甚至忘记修饰符。我自己没有经历过上面提到的所有这些背景，但我认为我应该参考一些更深入的信息。请随意评论/更正/补充。正则表达式.info提供了丰富的信息。

附注:你提到了常规的VBA方法和函数，我可以确认它们(至少对我自己)在RegEx失败的地方以自己的方式提供了帮助。

正则表达式用于模式匹配。

要在Excel中使用，请遵循以下步骤:

步骤1:添加VBA参考“Microsoft VBScript Regular Expressions 5.5”

选择“开发人员”选项卡(我没有这个选项卡，我该怎么办?) 从“代码”功能区中选择“Visual Basic”图标 在“Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications”窗口中，从顶部菜单中选择“Tools”。 选择“引用” 选中“Microsoft VBScript正则表达式5.5”旁边的复选框，将其包含在工作簿中。 单击“OK”

步骤2:定义你的模式

基本定义:

——范围。

例如，a-z匹配小写字母从a到z 例如，0-5匹配从0到5的任何数字

[]精确匹配括号内的一个对象。

例:[a]与字母a匹配 例如:[abc]匹配单个字母，可以是a, b或c 例:[a-z]匹配字母表中任何一个小写字母。

()为返回目的将不同的匹配项分组。请看下面的例子。

{}用于在它之前定义的模式的重复副本。

例如:[a]{2}匹配两个连续的小写字母a: aa 例:[a]{1,3}匹配至少一个最多三个小写字母a, aa, aaa

+匹配至少一个或多个在它之前定义的模式。

例如，a+将匹配连续的aa, aa, aaa，等等

吗?匹配0或在它之前定义的模式之一。

例:图案可能存在，也可能不存在，但只能匹配一次。 例如,[a - z] ?匹配空字符串或任何单个小写字母。

*匹配0个或多个之前定义的模式。

通配符表示可能存在也可能不存在的模式。 例如:[a-z]*匹配空字符串或小写字母字符串。

． 匹配除换行符\n以外的任何字符

例如:a.匹配以a开头，除\n之外的任何结尾的两个字符串

| OR运算符

例如，a|b表示a或b都可以匹配。 例如，红色|白色|橙色正好匹配其中一种颜色。

^ NOT运算符

例如[^0-9]字符不能包含数字 例:[^aA]字符不能是小写字母a或大写字母a

\转义后面的特殊字符(覆盖上述行为)

例如\。， \\， \(， \?， \$， \^

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锚定模式:

^匹配必须发生在字符串的开头

第一个字符必须是小写字母 例:^[0-9]第一个字符必须是数字。

$ Match必须出现在字符串的末尾

例如，$最后一个字符必须是小写字母a

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先后顺序表:

Order  Name                Representation
1      Parentheses         ( )
2      Multipliers         ? + * {m,n} {m, n}?
3      Sequence & Anchors  abc ^ $
4      Alternation         |

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预定义字符缩写:

abr    same as       meaning
\d     [0-9]         Any single digit
\D     [^0-9]        Any single character that's not a digit
\w     [a-zA-Z0-9_]  Any word character
\W     [^a-zA-Z0-9_] Any non-word character
\s     [ \r\t\n\f]   Any space character
\S     [^ \r\t\n\f]  Any non-space character
\n     [\n]          New line

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示例1:作为宏运行

下面的示例宏查看单元格A1中的值，以确定前1或2个字符是否是数字。如果是，则删除它们，并显示字符串的其余部分。如果没有，则会出现一个框，告诉您没有找到匹配项。单元格A1的值为12abc将返回abc，值为1abc将返回abc，值为abc123将返回“Not Matched”，因为数字不在字符串的开头。

Private Sub simpleRegex()
    Dim strPattern As String: strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,2}"
    Dim strReplace As String: strReplace = ""
    Dim regEx As New RegExp
    Dim strInput As String
    Dim Myrange As Range
    
    Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1")
    
    If strPattern <> "" Then
        strInput = Myrange.Value
        
        With regEx
            .Global = True
            .MultiLine = True
            .IgnoreCase = False
            .Pattern = strPattern
        End With
        
        If regEx.Test(strInput) Then
            MsgBox (regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace))
        Else
            MsgBox ("Not matched")
        End If
    End If
End Sub

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例2:作为单元内函数运行

此示例与示例1相同，但设置为作为单元内函数运行。要使用，将代码更改为:

Function simpleCellRegex(Myrange As Range) As String
    Dim regEx As New RegExp
    Dim strPattern As String
    Dim strInput As String
    Dim strReplace As String
    Dim strOutput As String
    
    
    strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,3}"
    
    If strPattern <> "" Then
        strInput = Myrange.Value
        strReplace = ""
        
        With regEx
            .Global = True
            .MultiLine = True
            .IgnoreCase = False
            .Pattern = strPattern
        End With
        
        If regEx.test(strInput) Then
            simpleCellRegex = regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace)
        Else
            simpleCellRegex = "Not matched"
        End If
    End If
End Function

将字符串(“12abc”)放在单元格A1中。在单元格B1中输入公式=simpleCellRegex(A1)，结果将是“abc”。

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例3:循环通过范围

这个示例与示例1相同，但循环遍历了一系列单元格。

Private Sub simpleRegex()
    Dim strPattern As String: strPattern = "^[0-9]{1,2}"
    Dim strReplace As String: strReplace = ""
    Dim regEx As New RegExp
    Dim strInput As String
    Dim Myrange As Range
    
    Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:A5")
    
    For Each cell In Myrange
        If strPattern <> "" Then
            strInput = cell.Value
            
            With regEx
                .Global = True
                .MultiLine = True
                .IgnoreCase = False
                .Pattern = strPattern
            End With
            
            If regEx.Test(strInput) Then
                MsgBox (regEx.Replace(strInput, strReplace))
            Else
                MsgBox ("Not matched")
            End If
        End If
    Next
End Sub

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例4:分离不同的模式

这个示例循环遍历一个范围(A1, A2 & A3)，并查找以三个数字开头的字符串，后面跟着一个字母字符，然后是4个数字。输出使用()将模式匹配分割为相邻的单元格。$1表示在第一个()集合中匹配的第一个模式。

Private Sub splitUpRegexPattern()
    Dim regEx As New RegExp
    Dim strPattern As String
    Dim strInput As String
    Dim Myrange As Range
    
    Set Myrange = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:A3")
    
    For Each C In Myrange
        strPattern = "(^[0-9]{3})([a-zA-Z])([0-9]{4})"
        
        If strPattern <> "" Then
            strInput = C.Value
            
            With regEx
                .Global = True
                .MultiLine = True
                .IgnoreCase = False
                .Pattern = strPattern
            End With
            
            If regEx.test(strInput) Then
                C.Offset(0, 1) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$1")
                C.Offset(0, 2) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$2")
                C.Offset(0, 3) = regEx.Replace(strInput, "$3")
            Else
                C.Offset(0, 1) = "(Not matched)"
            End If
        End If
    Next
End Sub

结果:

---

其他模式示例

String   Regex Pattern                  Explanation
a1aaa    [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]{3}       Single alpha, single digit, three alpha characters
a1aaa    [a-zA-Z]?[0-9][a-zA-Z]{3}      May or may not have preceding alpha character
a1aaa    [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]{0,3}     Single alpha, single digit, 0 to 3 alpha characters
a1aaa    [a-zA-Z][0-9][a-zA-Z]*         Single alpha, single digit, followed by any number of alpha characters

</i8>    \<\/[a-zA-Z][0-9]\>            Exact non-word character except any single alpha followed by any single digit

下面是一个regex_subst()函数。例子:

=regex_subst("watermellon", "[aeiou]", "")
---> wtrmlln
=regex_subst("watermellon", "[^aeiou]", "")
---> aeeo

下面是简化的代码(至少对我来说更简单)。我不知道如何使用上面的例子来构建一个合适的输出模式:

Function regex_subst( _
     strInput As String _
   , matchPattern As String _
   , Optional ByVal replacePattern As String = "" _
) As Variant
    Dim inputRegexObj As New VBScript_RegExp_55.RegExp

    With inputRegexObj
        .Global = True
        .MultiLine = True
        .IgnoreCase = False
        .Pattern = matchPattern
    End With

    regex_subst = inputRegexObj.Replace(strInput, replacePattern)
End Function

要在Excel公式中直接使用正则表达式，以下UDF(用户自定义函数)可能会有所帮助。它或多或少直接将正则表达式功能暴露为excel函数。

它是如何工作的

它需要2-3个参数。

要对其使用正则表达式的文本。 正则表达式。 指定结果外观的格式字符串。它可以包含$0、$1、$2等等。$0是整个匹配，$1及以上分别对应正则表达式中的匹配组。默认为$0。

一些例子

提取电子邮件地址:

=regex("Peter Gordon: some@email.com, 47", "\w+@\w+\.\w+")
=regex("Peter Gordon: some@email.com, 47", "\w+@\w+\.\w+", "$0")

结果:some@email.com

提取几个子字符串:

=regex("Peter Gordon: some@email.com, 47", "^(.+): (.+), (\d+)$", "E-Mail: $2, Name: $1")

搜索结果:E-Mail: some@email.com，姓名:Peter Gordon

将单个单元格中的组合字符串分解为多个单元格中的组件:

=regex("Peter Gordon: some@email.com, 47", "^(.+): (.+), (\d+)$", "$" & 1)
=regex("Peter Gordon: some@email.com, 47", "^(.+): (.+), (\d+)$", "$" & 2)

结果:彼得·戈登some@email.com…

如何使用

要使用此UDF，请执行以下操作(大致基于此Microsoft页面)。他们有一些很好的附加信息!)

In Excel in a Macro enabled file ('.xlsm') push ALT+F11 to open the Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications Editor. Add VBA reference to the Regular Expressions library (shamelessly copied from Portland Runners++ answer): Click on Tools -> References (please excuse the german screenshot) Find Microsoft VBScript Regular Expressions 5.5 in the list and tick the checkbox next to it. Click OK. Click on Insert Module. If you give your module a different name make sure the Module does not have the same name as the UDF below (e.g. naming the Module Regex and the function regex causes #NAME! errors). In the big text window in the middle insert the following: Function regex(strInput As String, matchPattern As String, Optional ByVal outputPattern As String = "$0") As Variant Dim inputRegexObj As New VBScript_RegExp_55.RegExp, outputRegexObj As New VBScript_RegExp_55.RegExp, outReplaceRegexObj As New VBScript_RegExp_55.RegExp Dim inputMatches As Object, replaceMatches As Object, replaceMatch As Object Dim replaceNumber As Integer With inputRegexObj .Global = True .MultiLine = True .IgnoreCase = False .Pattern = matchPattern End With With outputRegexObj .Global = True .MultiLine = True .IgnoreCase = False .Pattern = "\$(\d+)" End With With outReplaceRegexObj .Global = True .MultiLine = True .IgnoreCase = False End With Set inputMatches = inputRegexObj.Execute(strInput) If inputMatches.Count = 0 Then regex = False Else Set replaceMatches = outputRegexObj.Execute(outputPattern) For Each replaceMatch In replaceMatches replaceNumber = replaceMatch.SubMatches(0) outReplaceRegexObj.Pattern = "\$" & replaceNumber If replaceNumber = 0 Then outputPattern = outReplaceRegexObj.Replace(outputPattern, inputMatches(0).Value) Else If replaceNumber > inputMatches(0).SubMatches.Count Then 'regex = "A to high $ tag found. Largest allowed is $" & inputMatches(0).SubMatches.Count & "." regex = CVErr(xlErrValue) Exit Function Else outputPattern = outReplaceRegexObj.Replace(outputPattern, inputMatches(0).SubMatches(replaceNumber - 1)) End If End If Next regex = outputPattern End If End Function Save and close the Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications Editor window.

以下是我的尝试:

Function RegParse(ByVal pattern As String, ByVal html As String)
    Dim regex   As RegExp
    Set regex = New RegExp
    
    With regex
        .IgnoreCase = True  'ignoring cases while regex engine performs the search.
        .pattern = pattern  'declaring regex pattern.
        .Global = False     'restricting regex to find only first match.
        
        If .Test(html) Then         'Testing if the pattern matches or not
            mStr = .Execute(html)(0)        '.Execute(html)(0) will provide the String which matches with Regex
            RegParse = .Replace(mStr, "$1") '.Replace function will replace the String with whatever is in the first set of braces - $1.
        Else
            RegParse = "#N/A"
        End If 
    End With
End Function

为那些赶时间的人扩展patszim的答案。

Open Excel workbook. Alt+F11 to open VBA/Macros window. Add reference to regex under Tools then References and selecting Microsoft VBScript Regular Expression 5.5 Insert a new module (code needs to reside in the module otherwise it doesn't work). In the newly inserted module, add the following code: Function RegxFunc(strInput As String, regexPattern As String) As String Dim regEx As New RegExp With regEx .Global = True .MultiLine = True .IgnoreCase = False .pattern = regexPattern End With If regEx.Test(strInput) Then Set matches = regEx.Execute(strInput) RegxFunc = matches(0).Value Else RegxFunc = "not matched" End If End Function The regex pattern is placed in one of the cells and absolute referencing is used on it. Function will be tied to workbook that its created in. If there's a need for it to be used in different workbooks, store the function in Personal.XLSB