我怎样才能做得快呢?
当然我可以这样做:
static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] a1, byte[] a2)
{
if (a1.Length != a2.Length)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<a1.Length; i++)
if (a1[i]!=a2[i])
return false;
return true;
}
但我正在寻找一个BCL函数或一些高度优化的已证明的方法来做到这一点。
java.util.Arrays.equals((sbyte[])(Array)a1, (sbyte[])(Array)a2);
工作得很好，但这似乎不适用于x64。
注意我的快速回答。
当前回答
简单的回答是:
public bool Compare(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b1) == Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b2);
}
通过这种方式，您可以使用优化的. net字符串比较来进行字节数组比较，而不需要编写不安全的代码。这是它如何在后台完成的:
private unsafe static bool EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB)
{
Contract.Requires(strA != null);
Contract.Requires(strB != null);
Contract.Requires(strA.Length == strB.Length);
int length = strA.Length;
fixed (char* ap = &strA.m_firstChar) fixed (char* bp = &strB.m_firstChar)
{
char* a = ap;
char* b = bp;
// Unroll the loop
#if AMD64
// For the AMD64 bit platform we unroll by 12 and
// check three qwords at a time. This is less code
// than the 32 bit case and is shorter
// pathlength.
while (length >= 12)
{
if (*(long*)a != *(long*)b) return false;
if (*(long*)(a+4) != *(long*)(b+4)) return false;
if (*(long*)(a+8) != *(long*)(b+8)) return false;
a += 12; b += 12; length -= 12;
}
#else
while (length >= 10)
{
if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+2) != *(int*)(b+2)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+4) != *(int*)(b+4)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+6) != *(int*)(b+6)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+8) != *(int*)(b+8)) return false;
a += 10; b += 10; length -= 10;
}
#endif
// This depends on the fact that the String objects are
// always zero terminated and that the terminating zero is not included
// in the length. For odd string sizes, the last compare will include
// the zero terminator.
while (length > 0)
{
if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) break;
a += 2; b += 2; length -= 2;
}
return (length <= 0);
}
}
其他回答
我想到了许多显卡内置的块传输加速方法。但是这样你就必须按字节复制所有的数据，所以如果你不想在非托管和依赖硬件的代码中实现你的整个逻辑，这对你没有多大帮助……
Another way of optimization similar to the approach shown above would be to store as much of your data as possible in a long[] rather than a byte[] right from the start, for example if you are reading it sequentially from a binary file, or if you use a memory mapped file, read in data as long[] or single long values. Then, your comparison loop will only need 1/8th of the number of iterations it would have to do for a byte[] containing the same amount of data. It is a matter of when and how often you need to compare vs. when and how often you need to access the data in a byte-by-byte manner, e.g. to use it in an API call as a parameter in a method that expects a byte[]. In the end, you only can tell if you really know the use case...
我发布了一个类似的关于检查byte[]是否全是0的问题。(SIMD代码被打败了，所以我从这个答案中删除了它。)下面是我比较过的最快的代码:
static unsafe bool EqualBytesLongUnrolled (byte[] data1, byte[] data2)
{
if (data1 == data2)
return true;
if (data1.Length != data2.Length)
return false;
fixed (byte* bytes1 = data1, bytes2 = data2) {
int len = data1.Length;
int rem = len % (sizeof(long) * 16);
long* b1 = (long*)bytes1;
long* b2 = (long*)bytes2;
long* e1 = (long*)(bytes1 + len - rem);
while (b1 < e1) {
if (*(b1) != *(b2) || *(b1 + 1) != *(b2 + 1) ||
*(b1 + 2) != *(b2 + 2) || *(b1 + 3) != *(b2 + 3) ||
*(b1 + 4) != *(b2 + 4) || *(b1 + 5) != *(b2 + 5) ||
*(b1 + 6) != *(b2 + 6) || *(b1 + 7) != *(b2 + 7) ||
*(b1 + 8) != *(b2 + 8) || *(b1 + 9) != *(b2 + 9) ||
*(b1 + 10) != *(b2 + 10) || *(b1 + 11) != *(b2 + 11) ||
*(b1 + 12) != *(b2 + 12) || *(b1 + 13) != *(b2 + 13) ||
*(b1 + 14) != *(b2 + 14) || *(b1 + 15) != *(b2 + 15))
return false;
b1 += 16;
b2 += 16;
}
for (int i = 0; i < rem; i++)
if (data1 [len - 1 - i] != data2 [len - 1 - i])
return false;
return true;
}
}
测量两个256MB字节数组:
UnsafeCompare : 86,8784 ms
EqualBytesSimd : 71,5125 ms
EqualBytesSimdUnrolled : 73,1917 ms
EqualBytesLongUnrolled : 39,8623 ms
你可以使用Enumerable。SequenceEqual方法。
using System;
using System.Linq;
...
var a1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3};
var a2 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3};
var a3 = new int[] { 1, 2, 4};
var x = a1.SequenceEqual(a2); // true
var y = a1.SequenceEqual(a3); // false
如果你因为某些原因不能使用. net 3.5，你的方法是可以的。 编译器运行时环境会优化你的循环，所以你不需要担心性能。
似乎EqualBytesLongUnrolled是上述建议中最好的。
被跳过的方法(Enumerable.SequenceEqual,StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals)不是慢速的。在265MB的数组上，我测量了这个:
Host Process Environment Information:
BenchmarkDotNet.Core=v0.9.9.0
OS=Microsoft Windows NT 6.2.9200.0
Processor=Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU 3.40GHz, ProcessorCount=8
Frequency=3323582 ticks, Resolution=300.8802 ns, Timer=TSC
CLR=MS.NET 4.0.30319.42000, Arch=64-bit RELEASE [RyuJIT]
GC=Concurrent Workstation
JitModules=clrjit-v4.6.1590.0
Type=CompareMemoriesBenchmarks Mode=Throughput
Method | Median | StdDev | Scaled | Scaled-SD |
----------------------- |------------ |---------- |------- |---------- |
NewMemCopy | 30.0443 ms | 1.1880 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
EqualBytesLongUnrolled | 29.9917 ms | 0.7480 ms | 0.99 | 0.04 |
msvcrt_memcmp | 30.0930 ms | 0.2964 ms | 1.00 | 0.03 |
UnsafeCompare | 31.0520 ms | 0.7072 ms | 1.03 | 0.04 |
ByteArrayCompare | 212.9980 ms | 2.0776 ms | 7.06 | 0.25 |
OS=Windows
Processor=?, ProcessorCount=8
Frequency=3323582 ticks, Resolution=300.8802 ns, Timer=TSC
CLR=CORE, Arch=64-bit ? [RyuJIT]
GC=Concurrent Workstation
dotnet cli version: 1.0.0-preview2-003131
Type=CompareMemoriesBenchmarks Mode=Throughput
Method | Median | StdDev | Scaled | Scaled-SD |
----------------------- |------------ |---------- |------- |---------- |
NewMemCopy | 30.1789 ms | 0.0437 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
EqualBytesLongUnrolled | 30.1985 ms | 0.1782 ms | 1.00 | 0.01 |
msvcrt_memcmp | 30.1084 ms | 0.0660 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
UnsafeCompare | 31.1845 ms | 0.4051 ms | 1.03 | 0.01 |
ByteArrayCompare | 212.0213 ms | 0.1694 ms | 7.03 | 0.01 |
为了比较短的字节数组，下面是一个有趣的hack:
if(myByteArray1.Length != myByteArray2.Length) return false;
if(myByteArray1.Length == 8)
return BitConverter.ToInt64(myByteArray1, 0) == BitConverter.ToInt64(myByteArray2, 0);
else if(myByteArray.Length == 4)
return BitConverter.ToInt32(myByteArray2, 0) == BitConverter.ToInt32(myByteArray2, 0);
那么，我可能会转而考虑问题中列出的解决方案。
对这段代码进行性能分析会很有趣。
