我怎样才能做得快呢?
当然我可以这样做:
static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] a1, byte[] a2)
{
if (a1.Length != a2.Length)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<a1.Length; i++)
if (a1[i]!=a2[i])
return false;
return true;
}
但我正在寻找一个BCL函数或一些高度优化的已证明的方法来做到这一点。
java.util.Arrays.equals((sbyte[])(Array)a1, (sbyte[])(Array)a2);
工作得很好，但这似乎不适用于x64。
注意我的快速回答。
当前回答
我发布了一个类似的关于检查byte[]是否全是0的问题。(SIMD代码被打败了，所以我从这个答案中删除了它。)下面是我比较过的最快的代码:
static unsafe bool EqualBytesLongUnrolled (byte[] data1, byte[] data2)
{
if (data1 == data2)
return true;
if (data1.Length != data2.Length)
return false;
fixed (byte* bytes1 = data1, bytes2 = data2) {
int len = data1.Length;
int rem = len % (sizeof(long) * 16);
long* b1 = (long*)bytes1;
long* b2 = (long*)bytes2;
long* e1 = (long*)(bytes1 + len - rem);
while (b1 < e1) {
if (*(b1) != *(b2) || *(b1 + 1) != *(b2 + 1) ||
*(b1 + 2) != *(b2 + 2) || *(b1 + 3) != *(b2 + 3) ||
*(b1 + 4) != *(b2 + 4) || *(b1 + 5) != *(b2 + 5) ||
*(b1 + 6) != *(b2 + 6) || *(b1 + 7) != *(b2 + 7) ||
*(b1 + 8) != *(b2 + 8) || *(b1 + 9) != *(b2 + 9) ||
*(b1 + 10) != *(b2 + 10) || *(b1 + 11) != *(b2 + 11) ||
*(b1 + 12) != *(b2 + 12) || *(b1 + 13) != *(b2 + 13) ||
*(b1 + 14) != *(b2 + 14) || *(b1 + 15) != *(b2 + 15))
return false;
b1 += 16;
b2 += 16;
}
for (int i = 0; i < rem; i++)
if (data1 [len - 1 - i] != data2 [len - 1 - i])
return false;
return true;
}
}
测量两个256MB字节数组:
UnsafeCompare : 86,8784 ms
EqualBytesSimd : 71,5125 ms
EqualBytesSimdUnrolled : 73,1917 ms
EqualBytesLongUnrolled : 39,8623 ms
其他回答
我在这里没有看到很多linq解决方案。
我不确定性能的影响，但我通常坚持linq作为经验法则，然后在必要时进行优化。
public bool CompareTwoArrays(byte[] array1, byte[] array2)
{
return !array1.Where((t, i) => t != array2[i]).Any();
}
请注意，这只适用于它们是相同大小的数组。 一个扩展可能是这样的
public bool CompareTwoArrays(byte[] array1, byte[] array2)
{
if (array1.Length != array2.Length) return false;
return !array1.Where((t, i) => t != array2[i]).Any();
}
我发布了一个类似的关于检查byte[]是否全是0的问题。(SIMD代码被打败了，所以我从这个答案中删除了它。)下面是我比较过的最快的代码:
static unsafe bool EqualBytesLongUnrolled (byte[] data1, byte[] data2)
{
if (data1 == data2)
return true;
if (data1.Length != data2.Length)
return false;
fixed (byte* bytes1 = data1, bytes2 = data2) {
int len = data1.Length;
int rem = len % (sizeof(long) * 16);
long* b1 = (long*)bytes1;
long* b2 = (long*)bytes2;
long* e1 = (long*)(bytes1 + len - rem);
while (b1 < e1) {
if (*(b1) != *(b2) || *(b1 + 1) != *(b2 + 1) ||
*(b1 + 2) != *(b2 + 2) || *(b1 + 3) != *(b2 + 3) ||
*(b1 + 4) != *(b2 + 4) || *(b1 + 5) != *(b2 + 5) ||
*(b1 + 6) != *(b2 + 6) || *(b1 + 7) != *(b2 + 7) ||
*(b1 + 8) != *(b2 + 8) || *(b1 + 9) != *(b2 + 9) ||
*(b1 + 10) != *(b2 + 10) || *(b1 + 11) != *(b2 + 11) ||
*(b1 + 12) != *(b2 + 12) || *(b1 + 13) != *(b2 + 13) ||
*(b1 + 14) != *(b2 + 14) || *(b1 + 15) != *(b2 + 15))
return false;
b1 += 16;
b2 += 16;
}
for (int i = 0; i < rem; i++)
if (data1 [len - 1 - i] != data2 [len - 1 - i])
return false;
return true;
}
}
测量两个256MB字节数组:
UnsafeCompare : 86,8784 ms
EqualBytesSimd : 71,5125 ms
EqualBytesSimdUnrolled : 73,1917 ms
EqualBytesLongUnrolled : 39,8623 ms
P/调用能力激活!
[DllImport("msvcrt.dll", CallingConvention=CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
static extern int memcmp(byte[] b1, byte[] b2, long count);
static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
{
// Validate buffers are the same length.
// This also ensures that the count does not exceed the length of either buffer.
return b1.Length == b2.Length && memcmp(b1, b2, b1.Length) == 0;
}
简单的回答是:
public bool Compare(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b1) == Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b2);
}
通过这种方式，您可以使用优化的. net字符串比较来进行字节数组比较，而不需要编写不安全的代码。这是它如何在后台完成的:
private unsafe static bool EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB)
{
Contract.Requires(strA != null);
Contract.Requires(strB != null);
Contract.Requires(strA.Length == strB.Length);
int length = strA.Length;
fixed (char* ap = &strA.m_firstChar) fixed (char* bp = &strB.m_firstChar)
{
char* a = ap;
char* b = bp;
// Unroll the loop
#if AMD64
// For the AMD64 bit platform we unroll by 12 and
// check three qwords at a time. This is less code
// than the 32 bit case and is shorter
// pathlength.
while (length >= 12)
{
if (*(long*)a != *(long*)b) return false;
if (*(long*)(a+4) != *(long*)(b+4)) return false;
if (*(long*)(a+8) != *(long*)(b+8)) return false;
a += 12; b += 12; length -= 12;
}
#else
while (length >= 10)
{
if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+2) != *(int*)(b+2)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+4) != *(int*)(b+4)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+6) != *(int*)(b+6)) return false;
if (*(int*)(a+8) != *(int*)(b+8)) return false;
a += 10; b += 10; length -= 10;
}
#endif
// This depends on the fact that the String objects are
// always zero terminated and that the terminating zero is not included
// in the length. For odd string sizes, the last compare will include
// the zero terminator.
while (length > 0)
{
if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) break;
a += 2; b += 2; length -= 2;
}
return (length <= 0);
}
}
让我们再加一个!
最近微软发布了一个特殊的NuGet包System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe。它的特殊之处在于它是用IL编写的，并且提供了c#中无法直接使用的低级功能。
它的一个方法unsafety . as <T>(object)允许将任何引用类型转换为另一个引用类型，跳过任何安全检查。这通常是一个非常糟糕的主意，但如果两种类型具有相同的结构，它就可以工作。因此，我们可以使用这个函数将字节[]转换为长[]:
bool CompareWithUnsafeLibrary(byte[] a1, byte[] a2)
{
if (a1.Length != a2.Length) return false;
var longSize = (int)Math.Floor(a1.Length / 8.0);
var long1 = Unsafe.As<long[]>(a1);
var long2 = Unsafe.As<long[]>(a2);
for (var i = 0; i < longSize; i++)
{
if (long1[i] != long2[i]) return false;
}
for (var i = longSize * 8; i < a1.Length; i++)
{
if (a1[i] != a2[i]) return false;
}
return true;
}
注意long1。Length仍然会返回原始数组的长度，因为它存储在数组内存结构中的字段中。
这个方法没有这里演示的其他方法那么快，但它比朴素方法快得多，不使用不安全的代码或P/Invoke或固定，实现非常简单(IMO)。以下是我的机器上的一些BenchmarkDotNet结果:
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.10.3.0, OS=Microsoft Windows NT 6.2.9200.0
Processor=Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4870HQ CPU 2.50GHz, ProcessorCount=8
Frequency=2435775 Hz, Resolution=410.5470 ns, Timer=TSC
[Host] : Clr 4.0.30319.42000, 64bit RyuJIT-v4.6.1637.0
DefaultJob : Clr 4.0.30319.42000, 64bit RyuJIT-v4.6.1637.0
Method | Mean | StdDev |
----------------------- |-------------- |---------- |
UnsafeLibrary | 125.8229 ns | 0.3588 ns |
UnsafeCompare | 89.9036 ns | 0.8243 ns |
JSharpEquals | 1,432.1717 ns | 1.3161 ns |
EqualBytesLongUnrolled | 43.7863 ns | 0.8923 ns |
NewMemCmp | 65.4108 ns | 0.2202 ns |
ArraysEqual | 910.8372 ns | 2.6082 ns |
PInvokeMemcmp | 52.7201 ns | 0.1105 ns |
我还为所有测试创建了一个要点。
