我有一个在轴1(列)中具有层次索引的数据帧(来自groupby。gg操作):
USAF WBAN year month day s_PC s_CL s_CD s_CNT tempf
sum sum sum sum amax amin
0 702730 26451 1993 1 1 1 0 12 13 30.92 24.98
1 702730 26451 1993 1 2 0 0 13 13 32.00 24.98
2 702730 26451 1993 1 3 1 10 2 13 23.00 6.98
3 702730 26451 1993 1 4 1 0 12 13 10.04 3.92
4 702730 26451 1993 1 5 3 0 10 13 19.94 10.94
我想把它压平,使它看起来像这样(名字不重要-我可以重命名):
USAF WBAN year month day s_PC s_CL s_CD s_CNT tempf_amax tmpf_amin
0 702730 26451 1993 1 1 1 0 12 13 30.92 24.98
1 702730 26451 1993 1 2 0 0 13 13 32.00 24.98
2 702730 26451 1993 1 3 1 10 2 13 23.00 6.98
3 702730 26451 1993 1 4 1 0 12 13 10.04 3.92
4 702730 26451 1993 1 5 3 0 10 13 19.94 10.94
我怎么做呢?(我尝试了很多,但都无济于事。)
根据建议,这里是字典形式的头部
{('USAF', ''): {0: '702730',
1: '702730',
2: '702730',
3: '702730',
4: '702730'},
('WBAN', ''): {0: '26451', 1: '26451', 2: '26451', 3: '26451', 4: '26451'},
('day', ''): {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: 5},
('month', ''): {0: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1},
('s_CD', 'sum'): {0: 12.0, 1: 13.0, 2: 2.0, 3: 12.0, 4: 10.0},
('s_CL', 'sum'): {0: 0.0, 1: 0.0, 2: 10.0, 3: 0.0, 4: 0.0},
('s_CNT', 'sum'): {0: 13.0, 1: 13.0, 2: 13.0, 3: 13.0, 4: 13.0},
('s_PC', 'sum'): {0: 1.0, 1: 0.0, 2: 1.0, 3: 1.0, 4: 3.0},
('tempf', 'amax'): {0: 30.920000000000002,
1: 32.0,
2: 23.0,
3: 10.039999999999999,
4: 19.939999999999998},
('tempf', 'amin'): {0: 24.98,
1: 24.98,
2: 6.9799999999999969,
3: 3.9199999999999982,
4: 10.940000000000001},
('year', ''): {0: 1993, 1: 1993, 2: 1993, 3: 1993, 4: 1993}}
Andy Hayden的答案当然是最简单的方法——如果你想避免重复的列标签,你需要稍微调整一下
In [34]: df
Out[34]:
USAF WBAN day month s_CD s_CL s_CNT s_PC tempf year
sum sum sum sum amax amin
0 702730 26451 1 1 12 0 13 1 30.92 24.98 1993
1 702730 26451 2 1 13 0 13 0 32.00 24.98 1993
2 702730 26451 3 1 2 10 13 1 23.00 6.98 1993
3 702730 26451 4 1 12 0 13 1 10.04 3.92 1993
4 702730 26451 5 1 10 0 13 3 19.94 10.94 1993
In [35]: mi = df.columns
In [36]: mi
Out[36]:
MultiIndex
[(USAF, ), (WBAN, ), (day, ), (month, ), (s_CD, sum), (s_CL, sum), (s_CNT, sum), (s_PC, sum), (tempf, amax), (tempf, amin), (year, )]
In [37]: mi.tolist()
Out[37]:
[('USAF', ''),
('WBAN', ''),
('day', ''),
('month', ''),
('s_CD', 'sum'),
('s_CL', 'sum'),
('s_CNT', 'sum'),
('s_PC', 'sum'),
('tempf', 'amax'),
('tempf', 'amin'),
('year', '')]
In [38]: ind = pd.Index([e[0] + e[1] for e in mi.tolist()])
In [39]: ind
Out[39]: Index([USAF, WBAN, day, month, s_CDsum, s_CLsum, s_CNTsum, s_PCsum, tempfamax, tempfamin, year], dtype=object)
In [40]: df.columns = ind
In [46]: df
Out[46]:
USAF WBAN day month s_CDsum s_CLsum s_CNTsum s_PCsum tempfamax tempfamin \
0 702730 26451 1 1 12 0 13 1 30.92 24.98
1 702730 26451 2 1 13 0 13 0 32.00 24.98
2 702730 26451 3 1 2 10 13 1 23.00 6.98
3 702730 26451 4 1 12 0 13 1 10.04 3.92
4 702730 26451 5 1 10 0 13 3 19.94 10.94
year
0 1993
1 1993
2 1993
3 1993
4 1993
在读完所有的答案后,我想到了这个:
def __my_flatten_cols(self, how="_".join, reset_index=True):
how = (lambda iter: list(iter)[-1]) if how == "last" else how
self.columns = [how(filter(None, map(str, levels))) for levels in self.columns.values] \
if isinstance(self.columns, pd.MultiIndex) else self.columns
return self.reset_index() if reset_index else self
pd.DataFrame.my_flatten_cols = __my_flatten_cols
用法:
给定一个数据帧:
df = pd.DataFrame({"grouper": ["x","x","y","y"], "val1": [0,2,4,6], 2: [1,3,5,7]}, columns=["grouper", "val1", 2])
grouper val1 2
0 x 0 1
1 x 2 3
2 y 4 5
3 y 6 7
Single aggregation method: resulting variables named the same as source:
df.groupby(by="grouper").agg("min").my_flatten_cols()
Same as df.groupby(by="grouper", as_index=False) or .agg(...).reset_index()
----- before -----
val1 2
grouper
------ after -----
grouper val1 2
0 x 0 1
1 y 4 5
Single source variable, multiple aggregations: resulting variables named after statistics:
df.groupby(by="grouper").agg({"val1": [min,max]}).my_flatten_cols("last")
Same as a = df.groupby(..).agg(..); a.columns = a.columns.droplevel(0); a.reset_index().
----- before -----
val1
min max
grouper
------ after -----
grouper min max
0 x 0 2
1 y 4 6
Multiple variables, multiple aggregations: resulting variables named (varname)_(statname):
df.groupby(by="grouper").agg({"val1": min, 2:[sum, "size"]}).my_flatten_cols()
# you can combine the names in other ways too, e.g. use a different delimiter:
#df.groupby(by="grouper").agg({"val1": min, 2:[sum, "size"]}).my_flatten_cols(" ".join)
Runs a.columns = ["_".join(filter(None, map(str, levels))) for levels in a.columns.values] under the hood (since this form of agg() results in MultiIndex on columns).
If you don't have the my_flatten_cols helper, it might be easier to type in the solution suggested by @Seigi: a.columns = ["_".join(t).rstrip("_") for t in a.columns.values], which works similarly in this case (but fails if you have numeric labels on columns)
To handle the numeric labels on columns, you could use the solution suggested by @jxstanford and @Nolan Conaway (a.columns = ["_".join(tuple(map(str, t))).rstrip("_") for t in a.columns.values]), but I don't understand why the tuple() call is needed, and I believe rstrip() is only required if some columns have a descriptor like ("colname", "") (which can happen if you reset_index() before trying to fix up .columns)
----- before -----
val1 2
min sum size
grouper
------ after -----
grouper val1_min 2_sum 2_size
0 x 0 4 2
1 y 4 12 2
You want to name the resulting variables manually: (this is deprecated since pandas 0.20.0 with no adequate alternative as of 0.23)
df.groupby(by="grouper").agg({"val1": {"sum_of_val1": "sum", "count_of_val1": "count"},
2: {"sum_of_2": "sum", "count_of_2": "count"}}).my_flatten_cols("last")
Other suggestions include: setting the columns manually: res.columns = ['A_sum', 'B_sum', 'count'] or .join()ing multiple groupby statements.
----- before -----
val1 2
count_of_val1 sum_of_val1 count_of_2 sum_of_2
grouper
------ after -----
grouper count_of_val1 sum_of_val1 count_of_2 sum_of_2
0 x 2 2 2 4
1 y 2 10 2 12
由helper函数处理的情况
level names can be non-string, e.g. Index pandas DataFrame by column numbers, when column names are integers, so we have to convert with map(str, ..)
they can also be empty, so we have to filter(None, ..)
for single-level columns (i.e. anything except MultiIndex), columns.values returns the names (str, not tuples)
depending on how you used .agg() you may need to keep the bottom-most label for a column or concatenate multiple labels
(since I'm new to pandas?) more often than not, I want reset_index() to be able to work with the group-by columns in the regular way, so it does that by default
这个帖子上的所有答案都有点过时了。在pandas 0.24.0版本中,.to_flat_index()可以满足您的需要。
来自panda自己的文档:
MultiIndex.to_flat_index ()
将MultiIndex转换为包含关卡值的元组索引。
文档中的一个简单例子:
import pandas as pd
print(pd.__version__) # '0.23.4'
index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product(
[['foo', 'bar'], ['baz', 'qux']],
names=['a', 'b'])
print(index)
# MultiIndex(levels=[['bar', 'foo'], ['baz', 'qux']],
# codes=[[1, 1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1]],
# names=['a', 'b'])
应用to_flat_index ():
index.to_flat_index()
# Index([('foo', 'baz'), ('foo', 'qux'), ('bar', 'baz'), ('bar', 'qux')], dtype='object')
用它代替现有的熊猫柱
一个你如何在dat上使用它的例子,这是一个带MultiIndex列的DataFrame:
dat = df.loc[:,['name','workshop_period','class_size']].groupby(['name','workshop_period']).describe()
print(dat.columns)
# MultiIndex(levels=[['class_size'], ['count', 'mean', 'std', 'min', '25%', '50%', '75%', 'max']],
# codes=[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]])
dat.columns = dat.columns.to_flat_index()
print(dat.columns)
# Index([('class_size', 'count'), ('class_size', 'mean'),
# ('class_size', 'std'), ('class_size', 'min'),
# ('class_size', '25%'), ('class_size', '50%'),
# ('class_size', '75%'), ('class_size', 'max')],
# dtype='object')
就地扁化和重命名
可能值得注意的是,如何将它与一个简单的列表理解(感谢@Skippy和@mmann1123)结合起来连接元素,这样你得到的列名就是简单的字符串,例如用下划线分隔:
dat.columns = ["_".join(a) for a in dat.columns.to_flat_index()]