在实践中添加一个可能的原因:

ClassNotFoundException:正如cletus所说，当接口的继承类不在类路径中时使用接口。例如，服务提供者模式(或服务定位器)试图定位一些不存在的类 NoClassDefFoundError:找到了给定的类，但没有找到给定类的依赖项

在实践中，Error可能会被无声地抛出，例如，你提交了一个计时器任务，在计时器任务中它抛出了Error，而在大多数情况下，你的程序只捕获Exception。然后Timer主循环结束，没有任何信息。与NoClassDefFoundError类似的错误是ExceptionInInitializerError，当您的静态初始化器或静态变量的初始化器抛出异常时。

ClassNotFoundException和NoClassDefFoundError的区别

从http://www.javaroots.com/2013/02/classnotfoundexception-vs.html:

ClassNotFoundException:类装入器在类路径中找不到所需的类时发生。因此，基本上您应该检查类路径并在类路径中添加类。

NoClassDefFoundError:这更难调试和查找原因。当在编译时存在所需的类，但在运行时类被更改或删除，或者类的静态初始化抛出的异常时，将引发此异常。这意味着要加载的类存在于类路径中，但该类所需的类之一要么被删除，要么被编译器加载失败。你应该看到依赖于这个类的类。

例子:

public class Test1
{
}


public class Test 
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
        Test1 = new Test1();    
   }

}

现在，在编译完这两个类之后，如果删除Test1.class文件并运行Test类，它将抛出

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Test
    at Test1.main(Test1.java:5)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Test
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 1 more

ClassNotFoundException:当应用程序试图通过类的名称装入类，但无法找到具有指定名称的类的定义时抛出。

NoClassDefFoundError:如果Java虚拟机试图装入类的定义，但找不到该类的定义时抛出。

当我需要复习的时候，我会一遍又一遍地提醒自己

ClassNotFoundException

类层次结构

ClassNotFoundException extends ReflectiveOperationException extends Exception extends Throwable

在调试

Required jar，类路径中缺少类。 验证所有必需的jar都在jvm的类路径中。

NoClassDefFoundError

类层次结构

NoClassDefFoundError extends LinkageError  extends Error extends Throwable

在调试

Problem with loading a class dynamically, which was compiled properly Problem with static blocks, constructors, init() methods of dependent class and the actual error is wrapped by multiple layers [especially when you use spring, hibernate the actual exception is wrapped and you will get NoClassDefError] When you face "ClassNotFoundException" under a static block of dependent class Problem with versions of class. This happens when you have two versions v1, v2 of same class under different jar/packages, which was compiled successfully using v1 and v2 is loaded at the runtime which doesn't has the relevant methods/vars& you will see this exception. [I once resolved this issue by removing the duplicate of log4j related class under multiple jars that appeared in the classpath]

ClassNotFoundException和NoClassDefFoundError发生在运行时没有找到特定的类时。然而，它们发生在不同的场景中。

ClassNotFoundException是一个异常，当您试图在运行时使用class . forname()或loadClass()方法加载一个类，并且在类路径中没有找到所提到的类时发生。

    public class MainClass
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
            }catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }



    java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
    at pack1.MainClass.main(MainClass.java:17)

NoClassDefFoundError是当特定类在编译时存在，但在运行时不存在时发生的错误。

    class A
    {
      // some code
    }
    public class B
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            A a = new A();
        }
    }

编译上述程序时，将生成两个.class文件。一个是a类，另一个是b类。如果你删除A.class文件并运行B.class文件，Java运行时系统将抛出NoClassDefFoundError，如下所示:

    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: A
    at MainClass.main(MainClass.java:10)
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: A
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)

给定类装入器sussystem动作:

这是一篇帮助我理解差异的文章:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-5.html

If an error occurs during class loading, then an instance of a subclass of LinkageError must be thrown at a point in the program that (directly or indirectly) uses the class or interface being loaded. If the Java Virtual Machine ever attempts to load a class C during verification (§5.4.1) or resolution (§5.4.3) (but not initialization (§5.5)), and the class loader that is used to initiate loading of C throws an instance of ClassNotFoundException, then the Java Virtual Machine must throw an instance of NoClassDefFoundError whose cause is the instance of ClassNotFoundException.

所以ClassNotFoundException是NoClassDefFoundError的根本原因。 NoClassDefFoundError是类型加载错误的一种特殊情况，发生在链接步骤。