当我需要复习的时候，我会一遍又一遍地提醒自己

ClassNotFoundException

类层次结构

ClassNotFoundException extends ReflectiveOperationException extends Exception extends Throwable

在调试

Required jar，类路径中缺少类。 验证所有必需的jar都在jvm的类路径中。

NoClassDefFoundError

类层次结构

NoClassDefFoundError extends LinkageError  extends Error extends Throwable

在调试

Problem with loading a class dynamically, which was compiled properly Problem with static blocks, constructors, init() methods of dependent class and the actual error is wrapped by multiple layers [especially when you use spring, hibernate the actual exception is wrapped and you will get NoClassDefError] When you face "ClassNotFoundException" under a static block of dependent class Problem with versions of class. This happens when you have two versions v1, v2 of same class under different jar/packages, which was compiled successfully using v1 and v2 is loaded at the runtime which doesn't has the relevant methods/vars& you will see this exception. [I once resolved this issue by removing the duplicate of log4j related class under multiple jars that appeared in the classpath]

当ClassLoader没有找到所报告的类时，将抛出ClassNotFoundException。这通常意味着类从CLASSPATH中缺失。这也可能意味着这个类正试图从父类加载器中加载的另一个类中加载，因此子类加载器中的类是不可见的。在应用程序服务器等更复杂的环境中工作时，有时会出现这种情况(WebSphere因此类类加载器问题而臭名昭著)。

人们经常会混淆java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError和java.lang.ClassNotFoundException，但是它们之间有一个重要的区别。例如，一个异常(实际上是一个错误，因为java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError是java.lang.Error的子类)像

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnectionFactory

does not mean that the ActiveMQConnectionFactory class is not in the CLASSPATH. Infact its quite the opposite. It means that the class ActiveMQConnectionFactory was found by the ClassLoader however when trying to load the class, it ran into an error reading the class definition. This typically happens when the class in question has static blocks or members which use a Class that's not found by the ClassLoader. So to find the culprit, view the source of the class in question (ActiveMQConnectionFactory in this case) and look for code using static blocks or static members. If you don't have access the the source, then simply decompile it using JAD.

在检查代码时，假设你发现如下一行代码，确保类SomeClass在CLASSPATH中。

private static SomeClass foo = new SomeClass();

提示:要找出一个类属于哪个jar，您可以使用网站jarFinder。这允许您使用通配符指定类名，并在其jar数据库中搜索该类。Jarhoo允许你做同样的事情，但它不再免费使用。

如果您想在本地路径中定位类属于哪个jar，可以使用jarscan (http://www.inetfeedback.com/jarscan/)之类的实用程序。您只需指定您想要定位的类以及您希望它开始在jar和zip文件中搜索类的根目录路径。

从http://www.javaroots.com/2013/02/classnotfoundexception-vs.html:

ClassNotFoundException:类装入器在类路径中找不到所需的类时发生。因此，基本上您应该检查类路径并在类路径中添加类。

NoClassDefFoundError:这更难调试和查找原因。当在编译时存在所需的类，但在运行时类被更改或删除，或者类的静态初始化抛出的异常时，将引发此异常。这意味着要加载的类存在于类路径中，但该类所需的类之一要么被删除，要么被编译器加载失败。你应该看到依赖于这个类的类。

例子:

public class Test1
{
}


public class Test 
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
        Test1 = new Test1();    
   }

}

现在，在编译完这两个类之后，如果删除Test1.class文件并运行Test类，它将抛出

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Test
    at Test1.main(Test1.java:5)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Test
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 1 more

ClassNotFoundException:当应用程序试图通过类的名称装入类，但无法找到具有指定名称的类的定义时抛出。

NoClassDefFoundError:如果Java虚拟机试图装入类的定义，但找不到该类的定义时抛出。

给定类装入器sussystem动作:

这是一篇帮助我理解差异的文章:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-5.html

If an error occurs during class loading, then an instance of a subclass of LinkageError must be thrown at a point in the program that (directly or indirectly) uses the class or interface being loaded. If the Java Virtual Machine ever attempts to load a class C during verification (§5.4.1) or resolution (§5.4.3) (but not initialization (§5.5)), and the class loader that is used to initiate loading of C throws an instance of ClassNotFoundException, then the Java Virtual Machine must throw an instance of NoClassDefFoundError whose cause is the instance of ClassNotFoundException.

所以ClassNotFoundException是NoClassDefFoundError的根本原因。 NoClassDefFoundError是类型加载错误的一种特殊情况，发生在链接步骤。

例# 1:

class A{
 void met(){
   Class.forName("com.example.Class1");
 }
}

如果com/example/Class1在任何类路径中都不存在，则抛出ClassNotFoundException。

例# 2:

Class B{
  void met(){
   com.example.Class2 c = new com.example.Class2();
 }
}

如果编译B时存在com/example/Class2，但在执行时没有找到，则抛出NoClassDefFoundError。

两者都是运行时异常。

NoClassDefFoundError基本上是一个链接错误。当您尝试实例化一个对象(静态地使用“new”)，并且在编译期间没有找到它时，就会发生这种情况。

ClassNotFoundException更为通用，是当您尝试使用不存在的类时的运行时异常。例如，你在函数中有一个参数接受一个接口，有人传入一个实现该接口的类，但你没有访问该类的权限。它还涵盖了动态类加载的情况，例如使用loadClass()或class . forname()。