当我需要复习的时候，我会一遍又一遍地提醒自己

ClassNotFoundException

类层次结构

ClassNotFoundException extends ReflectiveOperationException extends Exception extends Throwable

在调试

Required jar，类路径中缺少类。 验证所有必需的jar都在jvm的类路径中。

NoClassDefFoundError

类层次结构

NoClassDefFoundError extends LinkageError  extends Error extends Throwable

在调试

Problem with loading a class dynamically, which was compiled properly Problem with static blocks, constructors, init() methods of dependent class and the actual error is wrapped by multiple layers [especially when you use spring, hibernate the actual exception is wrapped and you will get NoClassDefError] When you face "ClassNotFoundException" under a static block of dependent class Problem with versions of class. This happens when you have two versions v1, v2 of same class under different jar/packages, which was compiled successfully using v1 and v2 is loaded at the runtime which doesn't has the relevant methods/vars& you will see this exception. [I once resolved this issue by removing the duplicate of log4j related class under multiple jars that appeared in the classpath]

例# 1:

class A{
 void met(){
   Class.forName("com.example.Class1");
 }
}

如果com/example/Class1在任何类路径中都不存在，则抛出ClassNotFoundException。

例# 2:

Class B{
  void met(){
   com.example.Class2 c = new com.example.Class2();
 }
}

如果编译B时存在com/example/Class2，但在执行时没有找到，则抛出NoClassDefFoundError。

两者都是运行时异常。

当ClassLoader没有找到所报告的类时，将抛出ClassNotFoundException。这通常意味着类从CLASSPATH中缺失。这也可能意味着这个类正试图从父类加载器中加载的另一个类中加载，因此子类加载器中的类是不可见的。在应用程序服务器等更复杂的环境中工作时，有时会出现这种情况(WebSphere因此类类加载器问题而臭名昭著)。

人们经常会混淆java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError和java.lang.ClassNotFoundException，但是它们之间有一个重要的区别。例如，一个异常(实际上是一个错误，因为java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError是java.lang.Error的子类)像

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnectionFactory

does not mean that the ActiveMQConnectionFactory class is not in the CLASSPATH. Infact its quite the opposite. It means that the class ActiveMQConnectionFactory was found by the ClassLoader however when trying to load the class, it ran into an error reading the class definition. This typically happens when the class in question has static blocks or members which use a Class that's not found by the ClassLoader. So to find the culprit, view the source of the class in question (ActiveMQConnectionFactory in this case) and look for code using static blocks or static members. If you don't have access the the source, then simply decompile it using JAD.

在检查代码时，假设你发现如下一行代码，确保类SomeClass在CLASSPATH中。

private static SomeClass foo = new SomeClass();

提示:要找出一个类属于哪个jar，您可以使用网站jarFinder。这允许您使用通配符指定类名，并在其jar数据库中搜索该类。Jarhoo允许你做同样的事情，但它不再免费使用。

如果您想在本地路径中定位类属于哪个jar，可以使用jarscan (http://www.inetfeedback.com/jarscan/)之类的实用程序。您只需指定您想要定位的类以及您希望它开始在jar和zip文件中搜索类的根目录路径。

ClassNotFoundException是一个检查异常，当我们告诉JVM使用class . forname()或ClassLoader.findSystemClass()或ClassLoader.loadClass()方法根据类的字符串名加载类，并且在类路径中没有找到所提到的类时，就会发生这种异常。

大多数情况下，当您试图运行应用程序而不使用所需的JAR文件更新类路径时，会发生此异常。例如，你可能已经看到这个异常时，做JDBC代码连接到你的数据库，即mysql，但你的类路径没有JAR。

NoClassDefFoundError发生错误当JVM试图加载一个特定的类的代码执行(作为一个正常的一部分方法调用或使用新的关键字创建一个实例的一部分),这类在类路径中不存在,但在编译时,因为为了执行程序需要编译它,如果你正在使用一个类不存在编译器会提高编译错误。

下面是简短的描述

你可以阅读关于ClassNotFoundException Vs NoClassDefFoundError的一切来了解更多细节。

当我需要复习的时候，我会一遍又一遍地提醒自己

ClassNotFoundException

类层次结构

ClassNotFoundException extends ReflectiveOperationException extends Exception extends Throwable

在调试

Required jar，类路径中缺少类。 验证所有必需的jar都在jvm的类路径中。

NoClassDefFoundError

类层次结构

NoClassDefFoundError extends LinkageError  extends Error extends Throwable

在调试

Problem with loading a class dynamically, which was compiled properly Problem with static blocks, constructors, init() methods of dependent class and the actual error is wrapped by multiple layers [especially when you use spring, hibernate the actual exception is wrapped and you will get NoClassDefError] When you face "ClassNotFoundException" under a static block of dependent class Problem with versions of class. This happens when you have two versions v1, v2 of same class under different jar/packages, which was compiled successfully using v1 and v2 is loaded at the runtime which doesn't has the relevant methods/vars& you will see this exception. [I once resolved this issue by removing the duplicate of log4j related class under multiple jars that appeared in the classpath]

NoClassDefFoundError基本上是一个链接错误。当您尝试实例化一个对象(静态地使用“new”)，并且在编译期间没有找到它时，就会发生这种情况。

ClassNotFoundException更为通用，是当您尝试使用不存在的类时的运行时异常。例如，你在函数中有一个参数接受一个接口，有人传入一个实现该接口的类，但你没有访问该类的权限。它还涵盖了动态类加载的情况，例如使用loadClass()或class . forname()。