它被称为Identity Columns，只能从oracle 12c获得

CREATE TABLE identity_test_tab
(
   id            NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
   description   VARCHAR2 (30)
);

插入到标识列的示例如下

INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (description) VALUES ('Just DESCRIPTION');

已创建1行。

你不能像下面这样插入

INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (id, description) VALUES (NULL, 'ID=NULL and DESCRIPTION');

第1行错误:ORA-32795:不能插入生成的always 标识列

INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (id, description) VALUES (999, 'ID=999 and DESCRIPTION');

第1行错误:ORA-32795:不能插入生成的always 标识列

有用的链接

Oracle数据库12c引入了Identity，一个自动增量(系统生成)列。 在以前的数据库版本中(直到11g)，您通常通过创建Sequence和Trigger来实现Identity。 从12c开始，您可以创建自己的Table并定义必须作为Identity生成的列。

这里是完整的解决方案w.r.t异常/错误处理自动增量，这个解决方案向后兼容，将工作在11g和12c，特别是如果应用程序在生产中。

请用合适的表名替换'TABLE_NAME'

--checking if table already exisits
BEGIN
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME';
    EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
END;
/

--creating table
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (
       ID NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
       .
       .
       .
);

--checking if sequence already exists
BEGIN
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE TABLE_NAME_SEQ';
    EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
END;

--creating sequence
/
CREATE SEQUENCE TABLE_NAME_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE CACHE 2;

--granting rights as per required user group
/
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON TABLE_NAME TO USER_GROUP;

-- creating trigger
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TABLE_NAME_TS BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON TABLE_NAME FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN    
    -- auto increment column
    SELECT TABLE_NAME_SEQ.NextVal INTO :New.ID FROM dual;

    -- You can also put some other required default data as per need of your columns, for example
    SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') INTO :New.SessionID FROM dual;
    SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SERVER_HOST') INTO :New.HostName FROM dual;
    SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','OS_USER') INTO :New.LoginID FROM dual;    
    .
    .
    .
END;
/

在Oracle 11g中没有“auto_increment”或“identity”列这样的东西。然而，你可以很容易地用一个序列和一个触发器来建模:

表定义:

CREATE TABLE departments (
  ID           NUMBER(10)    NOT NULL,
  DESCRIPTION  VARCHAR2(50)  NOT NULL);

ALTER TABLE departments ADD (
  CONSTRAINT dept_pk PRIMARY KEY (ID));

CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq START WITH 1;

触发器定义:

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_bir 
BEFORE INSERT ON departments 
FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN
  SELECT dept_seq.NEXTVAL
  INTO   :new.id
  FROM   dual;
END;
/

更新:

IDENTITY列现在可以在Oracle 12c上使用:

create table t1 (
    c1 NUMBER GENERATED by default on null as IDENTITY,
    c2 VARCHAR2(10)
    );

或者指定起始值和增量值，同时防止任何插入标识列(GENERATED ALWAYS)(同样，仅适用于Oracle 12c+)

create table t1 (
    c1 NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS as IDENTITY(START with 1 INCREMENT by 1),
    c2 VARCHAR2(10)
    );

另外，Oracle 12也允许使用一个序列作为默认值:

CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq START WITH 1;

CREATE TABLE departments (
  ID           NUMBER(10)    DEFAULT dept_seq.nextval NOT NULL,
  DESCRIPTION  VARCHAR2(50)  NOT NULL);

ALTER TABLE departments ADD (
  CONSTRAINT dept_pk PRIMARY KEY (ID));

查询如何在oracle中创建自动增量。在下面的查询中，每当插入新行时，列值将自动递增

CREATE TABLE table1(
id RAW(16) NOT NULL ENABLE,
incrmnt NUMBER(10,0) GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY
MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 999999999999999999999999999 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1 NOORDER NOCYCLE NOT NULL ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT PK_table1 PRIMARY KEY (id) ENABLE);

FUNCTION GETUNIQUEID_2 RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_curr_id NUMBER;
v_inc NUMBER;
v_next_val NUMBER;
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin 
CREATE SEQUENCE sequnce
START WITH YYMMDD0000000001
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCACHE
select sequence.nextval into v_curr_id from dual;
if(substr(v_curr_id,0,6)= to_char(sysdate,'yymmdd')) then
v_next_val := to_number(to_char(SYSDATE+1, 'yymmdd') || '0000000000');
v_inc := v_next_val - v_curr_id;
execute immediate ' alter sequence sequence increment by ' || v_inc ;
select sequence.nextval into v_curr_id from dual;
execute immediate ' alter sequence sequence increment by 1';
else
dbms_output.put_line('exception : file not found');
end if;
RETURN 'ID'||v_curr_id;
END;