REST api必须是超文本驱动的

Roy Fielding的博客中有一组方法来检查你正在构建的是HTTP API还是REST API:

API designers, please note the following rules before calling your creation a REST API: A REST API should not be dependent on any single communication protocol, though its successful mapping to a given protocol may be dependent on the availability of metadata, choice of methods, etc. In general, any protocol element that uses a URI for identification must allow any URI scheme to be used for the sake of that identification. [Failure here implies that identification is not separated from interaction.] A REST API should not contain any changes to the communication protocols aside from filling-out or fixing the details of underspecified bits of standard protocols, such as HTTP’s PATCH method or Link header field. Workarounds for broken implementations (such as those browsers stupid enough to believe that HTML defines HTTP’s method set) should be defined separately, or at least in appendices, with an expectation that the workaround will eventually be obsolete. [Failure here implies that the resource interfaces are object-specific, not generic.] A REST API should spend almost all of its descriptive effort in defining the media type(s) used for representing resources and driving application state, or in defining extended relation names and/or hypertext-enabled mark-up for existing standard media types. Any effort spent describing what methods to use on what URIs of interest should be entirely defined within the scope of the processing rules for a media type (and, in most cases, already defined by existing media types). [Failure here implies that out-of-band information is driving interaction instead of hypertext.] A REST API must not define fixed resource names or hierarchies (an obvious coupling of client and server). Servers must have the freedom to control their own namespace. Instead, allow servers to instruct clients on how to construct appropriate URIs, such as is done in HTML forms and URI templates, by defining those instructions within media types and link relations. [Failure here implies that clients are assuming a resource structure due to out-of band information, such as a domain-specific standard, which is the data-oriented equivalent to RPC’s functional coupling]. A REST API should never have “typed” resources that are significant to the client. Specification authors may use resource types for describing server implementation behind the interface, but those types must be irrelevant and invisible to the client. The only types that are significant to a client are the current representation’s media type and standardized relation names. [ditto] A REST API should be entered with no prior knowledge beyond the initial URI (bookmark) and set of standardized media types that are appropriate for the intended audience (i.e., expected to be understood by any client that might use the API). From that point on, all application state transitions must be driven by client selection of server-provided choices that are present in the received representations or implied by the user’s manipulation of those representations. The transitions may be determined (or limited by) the client’s knowledge of media types and resource communication mechanisms, both of which may be improved on-the-fly (e.g., code-on-demand). [Failure here implies that out-of-band information is driving interaction instead of hypertext.]

REST不一定绑定到HTTP。基于rest的web服务只是遵循基于rest的体系结构的web服务。

What is Rest -
1- Client-server
2- Stateless
3- Cacheable
4- Layered system
5- Code on demand
6- Uniform interface

HTTP是一种契约，一种通信协议，REST是一种概念，一种架构风格，可以使用HTTP、FTP或其他通信协议，但广泛与HTTP一起使用。

REST暗示了一系列关于服务器和客户端应该如何交互的约束。HTTP是一种具有特定机制的通信协议，用于服务器-客户端数据传输，它最常用于REST API，因为REST是受WWW (world wide web)的启发，在REST定义之前，WWW大量使用HTTP，因此使用HTTP更容易实现REST API风格。

REST中有三个主要的约束(但还有更多):

服务器和客户端之间的交互应该只通过超文本来描述。 服务器和客户端应该是松散耦合的，彼此之间不做任何假设。客户端应该只知道资源入口点。交互数据应该由服务器在响应中提供。 服务器不应该存储任何关于请求上下文的信息。请求必须是独立的和幂等的(意思是如果相同的请求无限次重复，得到的结果完全相同)

HTTP只是一种通信协议(一种工具)，可以帮助实现这一点。

欲了解更多信息，请查看以下链接:

https://martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven

HTTP是一种应用协议。REST是一组规则，遵循这些规则，您就可以构建具有特定约束集的分布式应用程序。

如果您正在寻找REST中区分RESTful应用程序与任何HTTP应用程序的最重要的约束，我会说“自描述”约束和超媒体约束(又名hypermedia as the Engine of application State (HATEOAS))是最重要的。

自描述约束要求RESTful请求在用户意图中是完全自描述的。这允许中介(代理和缓存)安全地对消息进行操作。

HATEOAS约束是关于将您的应用程序转换为一个链接网络，其中客户端的当前状态基于它在该网络中的位置。这是一个棘手的概念，需要比现在更多的时间来解释。

REST api必须是超文本驱动的

Roy Fielding的博客中有一组方法来检查你正在构建的是HTTP API还是REST API:

API designers, please note the following rules before calling your creation a REST API: A REST API should not be dependent on any single communication protocol, though its successful mapping to a given protocol may be dependent on the availability of metadata, choice of methods, etc. In general, any protocol element that uses a URI for identification must allow any URI scheme to be used for the sake of that identification. [Failure here implies that identification is not separated from interaction.] A REST API should not contain any changes to the communication protocols aside from filling-out or fixing the details of underspecified bits of standard protocols, such as HTTP’s PATCH method or Link header field. Workarounds for broken implementations (such as those browsers stupid enough to believe that HTML defines HTTP’s method set) should be defined separately, or at least in appendices, with an expectation that the workaround will eventually be obsolete. [Failure here implies that the resource interfaces are object-specific, not generic.] A REST API should spend almost all of its descriptive effort in defining the media type(s) used for representing resources and driving application state, or in defining extended relation names and/or hypertext-enabled mark-up for existing standard media types. Any effort spent describing what methods to use on what URIs of interest should be entirely defined within the scope of the processing rules for a media type (and, in most cases, already defined by existing media types). [Failure here implies that out-of-band information is driving interaction instead of hypertext.] A REST API must not define fixed resource names or hierarchies (an obvious coupling of client and server). Servers must have the freedom to control their own namespace. Instead, allow servers to instruct clients on how to construct appropriate URIs, such as is done in HTML forms and URI templates, by defining those instructions within media types and link relations. [Failure here implies that clients are assuming a resource structure due to out-of band information, such as a domain-specific standard, which is the data-oriented equivalent to RPC’s functional coupling]. A REST API should never have “typed” resources that are significant to the client. Specification authors may use resource types for describing server implementation behind the interface, but those types must be irrelevant and invisible to the client. The only types that are significant to a client are the current representation’s media type and standardized relation names. [ditto] A REST API should be entered with no prior knowledge beyond the initial URI (bookmark) and set of standardized media types that are appropriate for the intended audience (i.e., expected to be understood by any client that might use the API). From that point on, all application state transitions must be driven by client selection of server-provided choices that are present in the received representations or implied by the user’s manipulation of those representations. The transitions may be determined (or limited by) the client’s knowledge of media types and resource communication mechanisms, both of which may be improved on-the-fly (e.g., code-on-demand). [Failure here implies that out-of-band information is driving interaction instead of hypertext.]

HTTP是一种在网络上传输消息的通信协议。 SOAP是一种用于交换基于xml的消息的协议，这些消息可以使用HTTP传输这些消息。 Rest是用于交换任何(XML或JSON)消息的协议，这些消息可以使用HTTP来传输。