在过去的6个月里，我一直在广泛使用Guice (Java DI框架)。虽然总的来说我认为它很棒(特别是从测试的角度来看)，但也有一些缺点。最值得注意的是:

Code can become harder to understand. Dependency injection can be used in very... creative... ways. For example I just came across some code that used a custom annotation to inject a certain IOStreams (eg: @Server1Stream, @Server2Stream). While this does work, and I'll admit has a certain elegance, it makes understanding the Guice injections a prerequisite to understanding the code. Higher learning curve when learning project. This is related to point 1. In order to understand how a project that uses dependency injection works, you need to understand both the dependency injection pattern and the specific framework. When I started at my current job I spent quite a few confused hours groking what Guice was doing behind the scenes. Constructors become large. Although this can be largely resolved with a default constructor or a factory. Errors can be obfuscated. My most recent example of this was I had a collision on 2 flag names. Guice swallowed the error silently and one of my flags wasn't initialized. Errors are pushed to run-time. If you configure your Guice module incorrectly (circular reference, bad binding, ...) most of the errors are not uncovered during compile-time. Instead, the errors are exposed when the program is actually run.

既然我已经抱怨过了。让我说，我将继续在我当前的项目中(很可能是在下一个项目中)使用Guice。依赖注入是一种非常强大的模式。但它肯定会让人困惑，无论你选择什么依赖注入框架，你几乎肯定会花一些时间咒骂。

另外，我同意其他发帖者的观点，依赖注入可能被过度使用。

这是我自己的第一反应:基本上任何模式都有同样的缺点。

学习是需要时间的 如果误解了，就会弊大于利 如果走到极端，工作量可能会超过收益

代码可读性。由于依赖关系隐藏在XML文件中，因此您无法轻松地找出代码流。

没有任何DI的代码会面临众所周知的陷入意大利面条代码的风险——一些症状是类和方法太大，做太多，不容易更改、分解、重构或测试。

大量使用DI的代码可以是Ravioli代码，其中每个小类就像一个单独的Ravioli块——它只做一件小事，并且遵循单一责任原则，这是很好的。但是从类本身来看，很难看到系统作为一个整体在做什么，因为这取决于所有这些小部分是如何组合在一起的，这是很难看到的。它看起来就像一大堆小东西。

通过避免大型类中大量耦合代码的意大利面复杂性，您将面临另一种复杂性的风险，其中有许多简单的小类，它们之间的交互非常复杂。

我不认为这是一个致命的缺点- DI仍然是非常值得的。在某种程度上，小班级只做一件事的馄饨风格可能是好的。即使过度，我也不认为它像意大利面条代码那样糟糕。但是要避免它，第一步是要意识到它可能会走得太远。点击链接了解如何避免这种情况。

有一件事让我对DI有点不安，那就是假设所有注入的对象都很容易实例化，而且不会产生副作用- or -依赖关系被频繁使用，以至于它超过了任何相关的实例化成本。

当依赖项在消费类中不经常使用时，这一点可能很重要;比如IExceptionLogHandlerService。显然，这样的服务很少在类中调用(希望:))——大概只在需要记录异常时调用;然而，规范的构造器-注入模式……

Public Class MyClass
    Private ReadOnly mExLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService

    Public Sub New(exLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService)
        Me.mExLogHandlerService = exLogHandlerService
    End Sub

    ' ...
End Class

.．.要求提供该服务的“活动”实例，该死的成本/副作用。并不是说它可能会这样做，但是如果构建这个依赖实例涉及到服务/数据库命中，或配置文件查找，或在释放之前锁定资源，该怎么办呢?如果该服务是按需构建的、服务定位的或工厂生成的(它们都有各自的问题)，那么您将只在必要时才承担构建成本。

Now, it is a generally accepted software design principle that constructing an object is cheap and doesn't produce side-effects. And while that's a nice notion, it isn't always the case. Using typical constructor-injection however basically demands that this is the case. Meaning when you create an implementation of a dependency, you have to design it with DI in mind. Maybe you would have made object-construction more costly to obtain benefits elsewhere, but if this implementation is going to be injected, it will likely force you to reconsider that design.

顺便说一下，某些技术可以通过允许延迟加载注入的依赖项来缓解这个问题，例如，提供一个Lazy<IService>实例类作为依赖项。这将改变依赖对象的构造函数，并使其更加了解实现细节，例如对象构造开销，这也可以说是不可取的。

在过去的6个月里，我一直在广泛使用Guice (Java DI框架)。虽然总的来说我认为它很棒(特别是从测试的角度来看)，但也有一些缺点。最值得注意的是:

Code can become harder to understand. Dependency injection can be used in very... creative... ways. For example I just came across some code that used a custom annotation to inject a certain IOStreams (eg: @Server1Stream, @Server2Stream). While this does work, and I'll admit has a certain elegance, it makes understanding the Guice injections a prerequisite to understanding the code. Higher learning curve when learning project. This is related to point 1. In order to understand how a project that uses dependency injection works, you need to understand both the dependency injection pattern and the specific framework. When I started at my current job I spent quite a few confused hours groking what Guice was doing behind the scenes. Constructors become large. Although this can be largely resolved with a default constructor or a factory. Errors can be obfuscated. My most recent example of this was I had a collision on 2 flag names. Guice swallowed the error silently and one of my flags wasn't initialized. Errors are pushed to run-time. If you configure your Guice module incorrectly (circular reference, bad binding, ...) most of the errors are not uncovered during compile-time. Instead, the errors are exposed when the program is actually run.

既然我已经抱怨过了。让我说，我将继续在我当前的项目中(很可能是在下一个项目中)使用Guice。依赖注入是一种非常强大的模式。但它肯定会让人困惑，无论你选择什么依赖注入框架，你几乎肯定会花一些时间咒骂。

另外，我同意其他发帖者的观点，依赖注入可能被过度使用。