我有一个日志文件正在写的另一个进程，我想观察变化。每次发生更改时，我都希望将新数据读入并对其进行一些处理。
最好的方法是什么?我希望在PyWin32库中有某种钩子。我找到了win32文件。函数FindNextChangeNotification，但不知道如何要求它监视特定的文件。
如果有人做过类似的事情，我真的很感激能听到…
[编辑]我应该提到我追求的是一种不需要轮询的解决方案。
[编辑]诅咒!这似乎不能在映射的网络驱动器上工作。我猜windows不会像在本地磁盘上那样“听到”任何对文件的更新。
当前回答
因为我已经全局安装了它，所以我最喜欢的方法是使用nodemon。如果你的源代码在src中，你的入口点是src/app.py，那么就像这样简单:
nodemon -w 'src/**' -e py,html --exec python src/app.py
．.． 其中-e py,html允许您控制要监视更改的文件类型。
其他回答
ACTIONS = {
1 : "Created",
2 : "Deleted",
3 : "Updated",
4 : "Renamed from something",
5 : "Renamed to something"
}
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY = 0x0001
class myThread (threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, fileName, directory, origin):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.fileName = fileName
self.daemon = True
self.dir = directory
self.originalFile = origin
def run(self):
startMonitor(self.fileName, self.dir, self.originalFile)
def startMonitor(fileMonitoring,dirPath,originalFile):
hDir = win32file.CreateFile (
dirPath,
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
win32con.FILE_SHARE_READ | win32con.FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
None,
win32con.OPEN_EXISTING,
win32con.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
None
)
# Wait for new data and call ProcessNewData for each new chunk that's
# written
while 1:
# Wait for a change to occur
results = win32file.ReadDirectoryChangesW (
hDir,
1024,
False,
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE,
None,
None
)
# For each change, check to see if it's updating the file we're
# interested in
for action, file_M in results:
full_filename = os.path.join (dirPath, file_M)
#print file, ACTIONS.get (action, "Unknown")
if len(full_filename) == len(fileMonitoring) and action == 3:
#copy to main file
...
如果轮询对您来说足够好，我只观察“修改的时间”文件统计是否发生变化。阅读方法:
os.stat(filename).st_mtime
(还要注意，Windows本机更改事件解决方案并不在所有情况下都有效，例如在网络驱动器上。)
import os
class Monkey(object):
def __init__(self):
self._cached_stamp = 0
self.filename = '/path/to/file'
def ook(self):
stamp = os.stat(self.filename).st_mtime
if stamp != self._cached_stamp:
self._cached_stamp = stamp
# File has changed, so do something...
看看我对类似问题的回答。您可以在Python中尝试相同的循环。本页建议:
import time
while 1:
where = file.tell()
line = file.readline()
if not line:
time.sleep(1)
file.seek(where)
else:
print line, # already has newline
还可以使用Python查看文件中的问题tail()。
你试过用看门狗吗?
Python API库和shell实用程序来监视文件系统事件。 目录监视变得很容易 一个跨平台的API。 一个shell工具，用于在目录更改时运行命令。 用一个简单的例子开始快速入门…
为了用轮询和最小依赖来观察单个文件，下面是一个完整的例子，基于Deestan的回答(上面):
import os
import sys
import time
class Watcher(object):
running = True
refresh_delay_secs = 1
# Constructor
def __init__(self, watch_file, call_func_on_change=None, *args, **kwargs):
self._cached_stamp = 0
self.filename = watch_file
self.call_func_on_change = call_func_on_change
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
# Look for changes
def look(self):
stamp = os.stat(self.filename).st_mtime
if stamp != self._cached_stamp:
self._cached_stamp = stamp
# File has changed, so do something...
print('File changed')
if self.call_func_on_change is not None:
self.call_func_on_change(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
# Keep watching in a loop
def watch(self):
while self.running:
try:
# Look for changes
time.sleep(self.refresh_delay_secs)
self.look()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nDone')
break
except FileNotFoundError:
# Action on file not found
pass
except:
print('Unhandled error: %s' % sys.exc_info()[0])
# Call this function each time a change happens
def custom_action(text):
print(text)
watch_file = 'my_file.txt'
# watcher = Watcher(watch_file) # simple
watcher = Watcher(watch_file, custom_action, text='yes, changed') # also call custom action function
watcher.watch() # start the watch going
