如果要在GUI上显示这个树，可以使用TreeView和TreeNode。(我认为从技术上讲，你可以创建一个TreeNode而不把它放在GUI上，但它确实比一个简单的自定义TreeNode实现有更多的开销。)

这是我自己的想法:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var tree = new Tree<string>()
            .Begin("Fastfood")
                .Begin("Pizza")
                    .Add("Margherita")
                    .Add("Marinara")
                .End()
                .Begin("Burger")
                    .Add("Cheese burger")
                    .Add("Chili burger")
                    .Add("Rice burger")
                .End()
            .End();

        tree.Nodes.ForEach(p => PrintNode(p, 0));
        Console.ReadKey();
    }

    static void PrintNode<T>(TreeNode<T> node, int level)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", new string(' ', level * 3), node.Value);
        level++;
        node.Children.ForEach(p => PrintNode(p, level));
    }
}

public class Tree<T>
{
    private Stack<TreeNode<T>> m_Stack = new Stack<TreeNode<T>>();

    public List<TreeNode<T>> Nodes { get; } = new List<TreeNode<T>>();

    public Tree<T> Begin(T val)
    {
        if (m_Stack.Count == 0)
        {
            var node = new TreeNode<T>(val, null);
            Nodes.Add(node);
            m_Stack.Push(node);
        }
        else
        {
            var node = m_Stack.Peek().Add(val);
            m_Stack.Push(node);
        }

        return this;
    }

    public Tree<T> Add(T val)
    {
        m_Stack.Peek().Add(val);
        return this;
    }

    public Tree<T> End()
    {
        m_Stack.Pop();
        return this;
    }
}

public class TreeNode<T>
{
    public T Value { get; }
    public TreeNode<T> Parent { get; }
    public List<TreeNode<T>> Children { get; }

    public TreeNode(T val, TreeNode<T> parent)
    {
        Value = val;
        Parent = parent;
        Children = new List<TreeNode<T>>();
    }

    public TreeNode<T> Add(T val)
    {
        var node = new TreeNode<T>(val, this);
        Children.Add(node);
        return node;
    }
}

输出:

Fastfood
   Pizza
      Margherita
      Marinara
   Burger
      Cheese burger
      Chili burger
      Rice burger

如果要在GUI上显示这个树，可以使用TreeView和TreeNode。(我认为从技术上讲，你可以创建一个TreeNode而不把它放在GUI上，但它确实比一个简单的自定义TreeNode实现有更多的开销。)

我对解做了一些扩展。

使用递归泛型声明和派生子类，可以更好地专注于实际目标。

注意，它不同于非泛型实现，你不需要将'node'转换为'NodeWorker'。

以下是我的例子:

public class GenericTree<T> where T : GenericTree<T> // recursive constraint
{
  // no specific data declaration

  protected List<T> children;

  public GenericTree()
  {
    this.children = new List<T>();
  }

  public virtual void AddChild(T newChild)
  {
    this.children.Add(newChild);
  }

  public void Traverse(Action<int, T> visitor)
  {
    this.traverse(0, visitor);
  }

  protected virtual void traverse(int depth, Action<int, T> visitor)
  {
    visitor(depth, (T)this);
    foreach (T child in this.children)
      child.traverse(depth + 1, visitor);
  }
}

public class GenericTreeNext : GenericTree<GenericTreeNext> // concrete derivation
{
  public string Name {get; set;} // user-data example

  public GenericTreeNext(string name)
  {
    this.Name = name;
  }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
  GenericTreeNext tree = new GenericTreeNext("Main-Harry");
  tree.AddChild(new GenericTreeNext("Main-Sub-Willy"));
  GenericTreeNext inter = new GenericTreeNext("Main-Inter-Willy");
  inter.AddChild(new GenericTreeNext("Inter-Sub-Tom"));
  inter.AddChild(new GenericTreeNext("Inter-Sub-Magda"));
  tree.AddChild(inter);
  tree.AddChild(new GenericTreeNext("Main-Sub-Chantal"));
  tree.Traverse(NodeWorker);
}

static void NodeWorker(int depth, GenericTreeNext node)
{                                // a little one-line string-concatenation (n-times)
  Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}: {2}", String.Join("   ", new string[depth + 1]), depth, node.Name);
}

我已经使用上面的NTree类添加了一个完整的解决方案和示例。我还添加了AddChild方法…

    public class NTree<T>
    {
        public T data;
        public LinkedList<NTree<T>> children;

        public NTree(T data)
        {
            this.data = data;
            children = new LinkedList<NTree<T>>();
        }

        public void AddChild(T data)
        {
            var node = new NTree<T>(data) { Parent = this };
            children.AddFirst(node);
        }

        public NTree<T> Parent { get; private set; }

        public NTree<T> GetChild(int i)
        {
            foreach (NTree<T> n in children)
                if (--i == 0)
                    return n;
            return null;
        }

        public void Traverse(NTree<T> node, TreeVisitor<T> visitor, string t, ref NTree<T> r)
        {
            visitor(node.data, node, t, ref r);
            foreach (NTree<T> kid in node.children)
                Traverse(kid, visitor, t, ref r);
        }
    }

    public static void DelegateMethod(KeyValuePair<string, string> data, NTree<KeyValuePair<string, string>> node, string t, ref NTree<KeyValuePair<string, string>> r)
    {
        string a = string.Empty;
        if (node.data.Key == t)
        {
            r = node;
            return;
        }
    }

使用它

 NTree<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ret = null;
 tree.Traverse(tree, DelegateMethod, node["categoryId"].InnerText, ref ret);

如果你需要一个使用较少内存的根树数据结构实现，你可以这样写你的Node类(c++实现):

class Node {
       Node* parent;
       int item; // depending on your needs

       Node* firstChild; //pointer to left most child of node
       Node* nextSibling; //pointer to the sibling to the right
}