我通常使用以下习语来检查String是否可以转换为整数。

public boolean isInteger( String input ) {
    try {
        Integer.parseInt( input );
        return true;
    }
    catch( Exception e ) {
        return false;
    }
}

是我的错觉,还是你觉得这有点粗俗?还有什么更好的办法吗?


看看我的回答(带有基准,基于CodingWithSpike之前的回答),看看为什么我改变了立场,接受了Jonas Klemming对这个问题的回答。我认为大多数人都会使用这个原始代码,因为它实现起来更快,也更易于维护,但是当提供非整数数据时,它就慢了几个数量级。


当前回答

你可能还需要考虑用例:

如果大多数情况下您希望数字是有效的,那么捕获异常只会在尝试转换无效数字时造成性能开销。然而调用一些isInteger()方法,然后使用Integer.parseInt()进行转换,总是会导致有效数字的性能开销——字符串被解析两次,一次是检查,一次是转换。

其他回答

你可以:

检查字符串是否为数字 检查它是否太长而不能被解析为long 检查结果的长值是否小到可以用整型表示

(假设您出于某种原因必须自己实现此功能:您可能应该首先查看com.google.common.primitives.Ints.tryParse(String),并查看它是否足够适合您的目的(正如另一个答案所建议的那样)。)

// Credit to Rastislav Komara’s answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/237895/1725151
private static final Pattern nonZero = Pattern.compile("^-?[1-9]\\d*$");

// See if `str` can be parsed as an `int` (does not trim)
// Strings like `0023` are rejected (leading zeros).
public static boolean parsableAsInt(@Nonnull String str) {
    if (str.isEmpty()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (str.equals("0")) {
        return true;
    }
    if (canParseAsLong(str)) {
        long value = Long.valueOf(str);
        if (value >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && value <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

private static boolean canParseAsLong(String str) {
    final int intMaxLength = 11;
    return str.length() <= intMaxLength && nonZero.matcher(str).matches();
}

这个方法也可以转换为返回Optional<Integer>,这样你就不必在客户端代码中解析两次字符串了(一次是为了检查是否可行,第二次是为了“真正地”执行它)。例如:

if (canParseAsLong(str)) {
    long value = Long.valueOf(str);
    if (value >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && value <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
        return Optional.of((int) value);
    }
}

这更短,但更短并不一定更好(它不会捕获超出范围的整数值,正如danatel的评论所指出的那样):

input.matches("^-?\\d+$");

就我个人而言,由于实现被保存在一个helper方法中,并且正确性胜过长度,所以我将使用类似于您所拥有的东西(减去捕获基Exception类而不是NumberFormatException)。

做了一个快速的基准测试。异常实际上并没有那么昂贵,除非您开始弹出多个方法,JVM必须做大量工作才能使执行堆栈就位。如果保持相同的方法,他们就不会表现不好。

 public void RunTests()
 {
     String str = "1234567890";

     long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
         IsInt_ByException(str);
     long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     System.out.print("ByException: ");
     System.out.println(endTime - startTime);

     startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
         IsInt_ByRegex(str);
     endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     System.out.print("ByRegex: ");
     System.out.println(endTime - startTime);

     startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
         IsInt_ByJonas(str);
     endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
     System.out.print("ByJonas: ");
     System.out.println(endTime - startTime);
 }

 private boolean IsInt_ByException(String str)
 {
     try
     {
         Integer.parseInt(str);
         return true;
     }
     catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
     {
         return false;
     }
 }

 private boolean IsInt_ByRegex(String str)
 {
     return str.matches("^-?\\d+$");
 }

 public boolean IsInt_ByJonas(String str)
 {
     if (str == null) {
             return false;
     }
     int length = str.length();
     if (length == 0) {
             return false;
     }
     int i = 0;
     if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
             if (length == 1) {
                     return false;
             }
             i = 1;
     }
     for (; i < length; i++) {
             char c = str.charAt(i);
             if (c <= '/' || c >= ':') {
                     return false;
             }
     }
     return true;
 }

输出:

ByException: 31 ByRegex: 453(注意:每次都重新编译模式) ByJonas: 16

我也同意Jonas K的解决方案是最稳健的。看起来他赢了:)

可以使用字符串类的matches方法。[0-9]表示它可以是的所有值,+表示它必须至少有一个字符长,*表示它可以是零或多个字符长。

boolean isNumeric = yourString.matches("[0-9]+"); // 1 or more characters long, numbers only
boolean isNumeric = yourString.matches("[0-9]*"); // 0 or more characters long, numbers only

I recently (today) needed to figure out a quick way to do this and of course I was going to use the exception approach for ease when the monkey on the shoulder (conscience) woke up so it took me down this old familiar rabbit hole; no exceptions are not that much more expensive in fact sometimes exceptions are faster (old AIX multiprocessor systems) but regardless it’s to elegant so I did something that the younger me never did and to my amazement nobody here did either (apologize if someone did and I missed it I honestly did not find) : so what did I think we all missed; taking a look at how the JRE implemented it, yes they threw an exception but we can always skip that part.

10年前年轻的我可能会觉得这有失他的身份,但话又说回来,他是一个大嘴巴的炫耀者,性情不好,有一种神的情结,所以就是这样。

我把这些放在这里,是为了方便将来来这里的人。以下是我的发现:

public static int parseInt(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException
{
    /*
     * WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
     * before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
     * the valueOf method.
     */

    if (s == null) {
        throw new NumberFormatException("null");
    }

    if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
        throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                        " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
    }

    if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
        throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                        " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
    }

    int result = 0;
    boolean negative = false;
    int i = 0, len = s.length();
    int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    int multmin;
    int digit;

    if (len > 0) {
        char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
        if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
            if (firstChar == '-') {
                negative = true;
                limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            } else if (firstChar != '+')
                throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

            if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
            i++;
        }
        multmin = limit / radix;
        while (i < len) {
            // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
            digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
            if (digit < 0) {
                throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
            }
            if (result < multmin) {
                throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
            }
            result *= radix;
            if (result < limit + digit) {
                throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
            }
            result -= digit;
        }
    } else {
        throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    return negative ? result : -result;
}