虽然唯一非法的Unix字符可能是/和NULL，但应该考虑到命令行解释。

例如，虽然在Unix中将文件命名为1>&2或2>&1是合法的，但在命令行中使用这样的文件名可能会被误解。

类似地，也可以将文件命名为$PATH，但当试图从命令行访问它时，shell将把$PATH转换为其变量值。

对于Windows，您可以使用PowerShell检查它

$PathInvalidChars = [System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidPathChars() #36 chars

要显示您可以转换的UTF-8代码

$enc = [system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$PathInvalidChars | foreach { $enc.GetBytes($_) }

$FileNameInvalidChars = [System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars() #41 chars

$FileOnlyInvalidChars = @(':', '*', '?', '\', '/') #5 chars - as a difference

The forbidden printable ASCII characters are: Linux/Unix: / (forward slash) Windows: < (less than) > (greater than) : (colon - sometimes works, but is actually NTFS Alternate Data Streams) " (double quote) / (forward slash) \ (backslash) | (vertical bar or pipe) ? (question mark) * (asterisk) Non-printable characters If your data comes from a source that would permit non-printable characters then there is more to check for. Linux/Unix: 0 (NULL byte) Windows: 0-31 (ASCII control characters) Note: While it is legal under Linux/Unix file systems to create files with control characters in the filename, it might be a nightmare for the users to deal with such files. Reserved file names The following filenames are reserved: Windows: CON, PRN, AUX, NUL COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9 LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, LPT9 (both on their own and with arbitrary file extensions, e.g. LPT1.txt). Other rules Windows: Filenames cannot end in a space or dot. macOS: You didn't ask for it, but just in case: Colon : and forward slash / depending on context are not permitted (e.g. Finder supports slashes, terminal supports colons). (More details)

在Windows中创建internet快捷方式时，为了创建文件名，它会跳过非法字符，除了正斜杠被转换为减号。

下面是一个基于Christopher Oezbek的答案的windows c#实现

containsFolder布尔值使它更加复杂，但希望涵盖所有内容

/// <summary>
/// This will replace invalid chars with underscores, there are also some reserved words that it adds underscore to
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1976007/what-characters-are-forbidden-in-windows-and-linux-directory-names
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="containsFolder">Pass in true if filename represents a folder\file (passing true will allow slash)</param>
public static string EscapeFilename_Windows(string filename, bool containsFolder = false)
{
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(filename.Length + 12);

    int index = 0;

    // Allow colon if it's part of the drive letter
    if (containsFolder)
    {
        Match match = Regex.Match(filename, @"^\s*[A-Z]:\\", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
        if (match.Success)
        {
            builder.Append(match.Value);
            index = match.Length;
        }
    }

    // Character substitutions
    for (int cntr = index; cntr < filename.Length; cntr++)
    {
        char c = filename[cntr];

        switch (c)
        {
            case '\u0000':
            case '\u0001':
            case '\u0002':
            case '\u0003':
            case '\u0004':
            case '\u0005':
            case '\u0006':
            case '\u0007':
            case '\u0008':
            case '\u0009':
            case '\u000A':
            case '\u000B':
            case '\u000C':
            case '\u000D':
            case '\u000E':
            case '\u000F':
            case '\u0010':
            case '\u0011':
            case '\u0012':
            case '\u0013':
            case '\u0014':
            case '\u0015':
            case '\u0016':
            case '\u0017':
            case '\u0018':
            case '\u0019':
            case '\u001A':
            case '\u001B':
            case '\u001C':
            case '\u001D':
            case '\u001E':
            case '\u001F':

            case '<':
            case '>':
            case ':':
            case '"':
            case '/':
            case '|':
            case '?':
            case '*':
                builder.Append('_');
                break;

            case '\\':
                builder.Append(containsFolder ? c : '_');
                break;

            default:
                builder.Append(c);
                break;
        }
    }

    string built = builder.ToString();

    if (built == "")
    {
        return "_";
    }

    if (built.EndsWith(" ") || built.EndsWith("."))
    {
        built = built.Substring(0, built.Length - 1) + "_";
    }

    // These are reserved names, in either the folder or file name, but they are fine if following a dot
    // CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM0 .. COM9, LPT0 .. LPT9
    builder = new StringBuilder(built.Length + 12);
    index = 0;
    foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(built, @"(^|\\)\s*(?<bad>CON|PRN|AUX|NUL|COM\d|LPT\d)\s*(\.|\\|$)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
    {
        Group group = match.Groups["bad"];
        if (group.Index > index)
        {
            builder.Append(built.Substring(index, match.Index - index + 1));
        }

        builder.Append(group.Value);
        builder.Append("_");        // putting an underscore after this keyword is enough to make it acceptable

        index = group.Index + group.Length;
    }

    if (index == 0)
    {
        return built;
    }

    if (index < built.Length - 1)
    {
        builder.Append(built.Substring(index));
    }

    return builder.ToString();
}

我也有同样的需求，正在寻找推荐信或标准推荐信，偶然发现了这条线索。我目前在文件和目录名中应该避免的字符黑名单是:

$CharactersInvalidForFileName = {
    "pound" -> "#",
    "left angle bracket" -> "<",
    "dollar sign" -> "$",
    "plus sign" -> "+",
    "percent" -> "%",
    "right angle bracket" -> ">",
    "exclamation point" -> "!",
    "backtick" -> "`",
    "ampersand" -> "&",
    "asterisk" -> "*",
    "single quotes" -> "“",
    "pipe" -> "|",
    "left bracket" -> "{",
    "question mark" -> "?",
    "double quotes" -> "”",
    "equal sign" -> "=",
    "right bracket" -> "}",
    "forward slash" -> "/",
    "colon" -> ":",
    "back slash" -> "\\",
    "lank spaces" -> "b",
    "at sign" -> "@"
};