在Unix shell中，您几乎可以用单引号引用每个字符。除了单引号本身之外，您不能表示控制字符，因为\没有展开。从带引号的字符串中访问单引号本身是可能的，因为您可以用单引号和双引号连接字符串，如'I' ' ' ' 'm'，它可以用于访问名为"I'm"的文件(这里也可以使用双引号)。

因此应该避免所有控制字符，因为它们很难在shell中输入。其余部分仍然很有趣，特别是以破折号开头的文件，因为大多数命令将这些文件视为选项，除非您在前面有两个破折号，或者您使用./指定它们，这也隐藏了开头的-。

如果你想要更好，不要使用shell和典型命令使用的任何字符作为语法元素，有时依赖于位置，例如，你仍然可以使用-，但不能作为第一个字符;与.相同，只有当你想要使用它(“隐藏文件”)时，你才能将它作为第一个字符。如果您是恶意的，您的文件名是VT100转义序列;-)，因此ls会使输出乱码。

The forbidden printable ASCII characters are: Linux/Unix: / (forward slash) Windows: < (less than) > (greater than) : (colon - sometimes works, but is actually NTFS Alternate Data Streams) " (double quote) / (forward slash) \ (backslash) | (vertical bar or pipe) ? (question mark) * (asterisk) Non-printable characters If your data comes from a source that would permit non-printable characters then there is more to check for. Linux/Unix: 0 (NULL byte) Windows: 0-31 (ASCII control characters) Note: While it is legal under Linux/Unix file systems to create files with control characters in the filename, it might be a nightmare for the users to deal with such files. Reserved file names The following filenames are reserved: Windows: CON, PRN, AUX, NUL COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9 LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, LPT9 (both on their own and with arbitrary file extensions, e.g. LPT1.txt). Other rules Windows: Filenames cannot end in a space or dot. macOS: You didn't ask for it, but just in case: Colon : and forward slash / depending on context are not permitted (e.g. Finder supports slashes, terminal supports colons). (More details)

我也有同样的需求，正在寻找推荐信或标准推荐信，偶然发现了这条线索。我目前在文件和目录名中应该避免的字符黑名单是:

$CharactersInvalidForFileName = {
    "pound" -> "#",
    "left angle bracket" -> "<",
    "dollar sign" -> "$",
    "plus sign" -> "+",
    "percent" -> "%",
    "right angle bracket" -> ">",
    "exclamation point" -> "!",
    "backtick" -> "`",
    "ampersand" -> "&",
    "asterisk" -> "*",
    "single quotes" -> "“",
    "pipe" -> "|",
    "left bracket" -> "{",
    "question mark" -> "?",
    "double quotes" -> "”",
    "equal sign" -> "=",
    "right bracket" -> "}",
    "forward slash" -> "/",
    "colon" -> ":",
    "back slash" -> "\\",
    "lank spaces" -> "b",
    "at sign" -> "@"
};

在Windows 10(2019)中，输入以下字符时会出现错误，导致输入失败:

文件名不能包含以下字符: \ /: * ?< > |

这对我来说在Python中已经足够好了:

def fix_filename(name, max_length=255):
    """
    Replace invalid characters on Linux/Windows/MacOS with underscores.
    List from https://stackoverflow.com/a/31976060/819417
    Trailing spaces & periods are ignored on Windows.
    >>> fix_filename("  COM1  ")
    '_ COM1 _'
    >>> fix_filename("COM10")
    'COM10'
    >>> fix_filename("COM1,")
    'COM1,'
    >>> fix_filename("COM1.txt")
    '_.txt'
    >>> all('_' == fix_filename(chr(i)) for i in list(range(32)))
    True
    """
    return re.sub(r'[/\\:|<>"?*\0-\x1f]|^(AUX|COM[1-9]|CON|LPT[1-9]|NUL|PRN)(?![^.])|^\s|[\s.]$', "_", name[:max_length], flags=re.IGNORECASE)

还可以查看这个过时的列表，以获得FAT32中的=等其他遗留内容。

对于Windows，您可以使用PowerShell检查它

$PathInvalidChars = [System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidPathChars() #36 chars

要显示您可以转换的UTF-8代码

$enc = [system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$PathInvalidChars | foreach { $enc.GetBytes($_) }

$FileNameInvalidChars = [System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars() #41 chars

$FileOnlyInvalidChars = @(':', '*', '?', '\', '/') #5 chars - as a difference