poem = '''\
Programming is fun
When the work is done
if you wanna make your work also fun:
use Python!
'''
f = open('poem.txt', 'w') # open for 'w'riting
f.write(poem) # write text to file
f.close() # close the file

How It Works: First, open a file by using the built-in open function and specifying the name of the file and the mode in which we want to open the file. The mode can be a read mode (’r’), write mode (’w’) or append mode (’a’). We can also specify whether we are reading, writing, or appending in text mode (’t’) or binary mode (’b’). There are actually many more modes available and help(open) will give you more details about them. By default, open() considers the file to be a ’t’ext file and opens it in ’r’ead mode. In our example, we first open the file in write text mode and use the write method of the file object to write to the file and then we finally close the file.

上面的例子来自Swaroop C H编写的《A Byte of Python》一书。 swaroopch.com

我认为探索使用genexp的好处会很有趣，所以下面是我的看法。

问题中的例子使用方括号来创建一个临时列表，因此相当于:

file.writelines( list( "%s\n" % item for item in list ) )

这将不必要地构造一个包含所有将被写入的行的临时列表，这可能会消耗大量的内存，这取决于列表的大小以及str(item)的输出有多详细。

去掉方括号(相当于去掉上面的包装列表()调用)将会传递一个临时生成器给file.writelines():

file.writelines( "%s\n" % item for item in list )

该生成器将按需创建以换行符结束的项目对象表示(即当它们被写入时)。这很好，有几个原因:

内存开销很小，即使对于非常大的列表也是如此 如果str(item)很慢，则在处理每个项时，文件中都有可见的进展

这避免了内存问题，例如:

In [1]: import os

In [2]: f = file(os.devnull, "w")

In [3]: %timeit f.writelines( "%s\n" % item for item in xrange(2**20) )
1 loops, best of 3: 385 ms per loop

In [4]: %timeit f.writelines( ["%s\n" % item for item in xrange(2**20)] )
ERROR: Internal Python error in the inspect module.
Below is the traceback from this internal error.

Traceback (most recent call last):
...
MemoryError

(我通过限制Python的max触发了此错误。使用ulimit -v 102400虚拟内存到~100MB)。

把内存使用放在一边，这个方法实际上并不比原来的方法快:

In [4]: %timeit f.writelines( "%s\n" % item for item in xrange(2**20) )
1 loops, best of 3: 370 ms per loop

In [5]: %timeit f.writelines( ["%s\n" % item for item in xrange(2**20)] )
1 loops, best of 3: 360 ms per loop

(Python 2.6.2 on Linux)

简单:

with open("text.txt", 'w') as file:
    file.write('\n'.join(yourList))

更简单的是:

with open("outfile", "w") as outfile:
    outfile.write("\n".join(itemlist))

要确保项目列表中的所有项目都是字符串，请使用生成器表达式:

with open("outfile", "w") as outfile:
    outfile.write("\n".join(str(item) for item in itemlist))

记住，项目列表占用内存，所以要注意内存消耗。

将stdout重定向到一个文件也可以用于此目的:

from contextlib import redirect_stdout
with open('test.txt', 'w') as f:
  with redirect_stdout(f):
     for i in range(mylst.size):
        print(mylst[i])

with open ("test.txt","w")as fp:
   for line in list12:
       fp.write(line+"\n")