在Python多处理库中,是否有支持多个参数的pool.map变体?

import multiprocessing

text = "test"

def harvester(text, case):
    X = case[0]
    text + str(X)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=6)
    case = RAW_DATASET
    pool.map(harvester(text, case), case, 1)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

当前回答

这里有很多答案,但似乎没有一个能提供适用于任何版本的Python 2/3兼容代码。如果您希望代码能够正常工作,这将适用于以下任一Python版本:

# For python 2/3 compatibility, define pool context manager
# to support the 'with' statement in Python 2
if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    from contextlib import contextmanager
    @contextmanager
    def multiprocessing_context(*args, **kwargs):
        pool = multiprocessing.Pool(*args, **kwargs)
        yield pool
        pool.terminate()
else:
    multiprocessing_context = multiprocessing.Pool

之后,您可以使用常规的Python3方式进行多处理。例如:

def _function_to_run_for_each(x):
       return x.lower()
with multiprocessing_context(processes=3) as pool:
    results = pool.map(_function_to_run_for_each, ['Bob', 'Sue', 'Tim'])    print(results)

将在Python 2或Python 3中工作。

其他回答

将Python 3.3+与pool.starmap()一起使用:

from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool 

def write(i, x):
    print(i, "---", x)

a = ["1","2","3"]
b = ["4","5","6"] 

pool = ThreadPool(2)
pool.starmap(write, zip(a,b)) 
pool.close() 
pool.join()

结果:

1 --- 4
2 --- 5
3 --- 6

如果您喜欢,还可以zip()更多参数:zip(a,b,c,d,e)

如果希望将常量值作为参数传递:

import itertools

zip(itertools.repeat(constant), a)

如果您的函数应该返回以下内容:

results = pool.starmap(write, zip(a,b))

这将提供一个包含返回值的列表。

您可以使用以下两个函数,以避免为每个新函数编写包装器:

import itertools
from multiprocessing import Pool

def universal_worker(input_pair):
    function, args = input_pair
    return function(*args)

def pool_args(function, *args):
    return zip(itertools.repeat(function), zip(*args))

将函数函数与参数arg_0、arg_1和arg_2的列表一起使用,如下所示:

pool = Pool(n_core)
list_model = pool.map(universal_worker, pool_args(function, arg_0, arg_1, arg_2)
pool.close()
pool.join()

更好的方法是使用修饰符,而不是手工编写包装函数。特别是当您有很多函数要映射时,装饰器将通过避免为每个函数编写包装器来节省时间。通常,修饰函数是不可选择的,但是我们可以使用functools来解决它。更多讨论可以在这里找到。

以下是示例:

def unpack_args(func):
    from functools import wraps
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(args):
        if isinstance(args, dict):
            return func(**args)
        else:
            return func(*args)
    return wrapper

@unpack_args
def func(x, y):
    return x + y

然后你可以用压缩的参数来映射它:

np, xlist, ylist = 2, range(10), range(10)
pool = Pool(np)
res = pool.map(func, zip(xlist, ylist))
pool.close()
pool.join()

当然,您可能总是在Python3中使用Pool.starmap(>=3.3),正如其他答案中提到的那样。

在J.F.Sebastian的回答中了解了itertools之后,我决定更进一步,编写一个关注并行化的parmap包,在Python 2.7和Python 3.2(以及更高版本)中提供可以接受任意数量位置参数的map和starmap函数。

安装

pip install parmap

如何并行化:

import parmap
# If you want to do:
y = [myfunction(x, argument1, argument2) for x in mylist]
# In parallel:
y = parmap.map(myfunction, mylist, argument1, argument2)

# If you want to do:
z = [myfunction(x, y, argument1, argument2) for (x,y) in mylist]
# In parallel:
z = parmap.starmap(myfunction, mylist, argument1, argument2)

# If you want to do:
listx = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
listy = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
param = 3.14
param2 = 42
listz = []
for (x, y) in zip(listx, listy):
        listz.append(myfunction(x, y, param1, param2))
# In parallel:
listz = parmap.starmap(myfunction, zip(listx, listy), param1, param2)

我已经将parmap上传到PyPI和GitHub存储库。

例如,问题的答案如下:

import parmap

def harvester(case, text):
    X = case[0]
    text+ str(X)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    case = RAW_DATASET  # assuming this is an iterable
    parmap.map(harvester, case, "test", chunksize=1)

在官方文档中,它只支持一个可迭代的参数。在这种情况下,我喜欢使用apply_async。如果是你,我会:

from multiprocessing import Process, Pool, Manager

text = "test"
def harvester(text, case, q = None):
 X = case[0]
 res = text+ str(X)
 if q:
  q.put(res)
 return res


def block_until(q, results_queue, until_counter=0):
 i = 0
 while i < until_counter:
  results_queue.put(q.get())
  i+=1

if __name__ == '__main__':
 pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=6)
 case = RAW_DATASET
 m = Manager()
 q = m.Queue()
 results_queue = m.Queue() # when it completes results will reside in this queue
 blocking_process = Process(block_until, (q, results_queue, len(case)))
 blocking_process.start()
 for c in case:
  try:
   res = pool.apply_async(harvester, (text, case, q = None))
   res.get(timeout=0.1)
  except:
   pass
 blocking_process.join()