有一个叫做pathos的多处理分支（注意：使用GitHub上的版本），它不需要starmap——map函数镜像Python map的API，因此map可以接受多个参数。

使用pathos，您通常也可以在解释器中执行多处理，而不是陷入__main__块。Pathos将在经过一些轻微的更新后发布——主要是转换为Python3.x。

  Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 30 2013, 20:15:49)
  [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5566)] on darwin
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  >>> def func(a,b):
  ...     print a,b
  ...
  >>>
  >>> from pathos.multiprocessing import ProcessingPool
  >>> pool = ProcessingPool(nodes=4)
  >>> pool.map(func, [1,2,3], [1,1,1])
  1 1
  2 1
  3 1
  [None, None, None]
  >>>
  >>> # also can pickle stuff like lambdas
  >>> result = pool.map(lambda x: x**2, range(10))
  >>> result
  [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
  >>>
  >>> # also does asynchronous map
  >>> result = pool.amap(pow, [1,2,3], [4,5,6])
  >>> result.get()
  [1, 32, 729]
  >>>
  >>> # or can return a map iterator
  >>> result = pool.imap(pow, [1,2,3], [4,5,6])
  >>> result
  <processing.pool.IMapIterator object at 0x110c2ffd0>
  >>> list(result)
  [1, 32, 729]

pathos有几种方法可以让你得到星图的精确行为。

>>> def add(*x):
...   return sum(x)
...
>>> x = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]
>>> import pathos
>>> import numpy as np
>>> # use ProcessPool's map and transposing the inputs
>>> pp = pathos.pools.ProcessPool()
>>> pp.map(add, *np.array(x).T)
[6, 15]
>>> # use ProcessPool's map and a lambda to apply the star
>>> pp.map(lambda x: add(*x), x)
[6, 15]
>>> # use a _ProcessPool, which has starmap
>>> _pp = pathos.pools._ProcessPool()
>>> _pp.starmap(add, x)
[6, 15]
>>>

有一个叫做pathos的多处理分支（注意：使用GitHub上的版本），它不需要starmap——map函数镜像Python map的API，因此map可以接受多个参数。

使用pathos，您通常也可以在解释器中执行多处理，而不是陷入__main__块。Pathos将在经过一些轻微的更新后发布——主要是转换为Python3.x。

  Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 30 2013, 20:15:49)
  [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5566)] on darwin
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  >>> def func(a,b):
  ...     print a,b
  ...
  >>>
  >>> from pathos.multiprocessing import ProcessingPool
  >>> pool = ProcessingPool(nodes=4)
  >>> pool.map(func, [1,2,3], [1,1,1])
  1 1
  2 1
  3 1
  [None, None, None]
  >>>
  >>> # also can pickle stuff like lambdas
  >>> result = pool.map(lambda x: x**2, range(10))
  >>> result
  [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
  >>>
  >>> # also does asynchronous map
  >>> result = pool.amap(pow, [1,2,3], [4,5,6])
  >>> result.get()
  [1, 32, 729]
  >>>
  >>> # or can return a map iterator
  >>> result = pool.imap(pow, [1,2,3], [4,5,6])
  >>> result
  <processing.pool.IMapIterator object at 0x110c2ffd0>
  >>> list(result)
  [1, 32, 729]

pathos有几种方法可以让你得到星图的精确行为。

>>> def add(*x):
...   return sum(x)
...
>>> x = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]
>>> import pathos
>>> import numpy as np
>>> # use ProcessPool's map and transposing the inputs
>>> pp = pathos.pools.ProcessPool()
>>> pp.map(add, *np.array(x).T)
[6, 15]
>>> # use ProcessPool's map and a lambda to apply the star
>>> pp.map(lambda x: add(*x), x)
[6, 15]
>>> # use a _ProcessPool, which has starmap
>>> _pp = pathos.pools._ProcessPool()
>>> _pp.starmap(add, x)
[6, 15]
>>>

我认为以下内容会更好：

def multi_run_wrapper(args):
   return add(*args)

def add(x,y):
    return x+y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from multiprocessing import Pool
    pool = Pool(4)
    results = pool.map(multi_run_wrapper,[(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)])
    print results

输出

[3, 5, 7]

从Python 3.4.4中，您可以使用multiprocessing.get_context（）获取上下文对象，以使用多个启动方法：

import multiprocessing as mp

def foo(q, h, w):
    q.put(h + ' ' + w)
    print(h + ' ' + w)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ctx = mp.get_context('spawn')
    q = ctx.Queue()
    p = ctx.Process(target=foo, args=(q,'hello', 'world'))
    p.start()
    print(q.get())
    p.join()

或者你只是简单地替换

pool.map(harvester(text, case), case, 1)

具有：

pool.apply_async(harvester(text, case), case, 1)

这是我用来将多个参数传递给pool.imap fork中使用的单参数函数的例程的示例：

from multiprocessing import Pool

# Wrapper of the function to map:
class makefun:
    def __init__(self, var2):
        self.var2 = var2
    def fun(self, i):
        var2 = self.var2
        return var1[i] + var2

# Couple of variables for the example:
var1 = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]
var2 = [9, 10, 11, 12]

# Open the pool:
pool = Pool(processes=2)

# Wrapper loop
for j in range(len(var2)):
    # Obtain the function to map
    pool_fun = makefun(var2[j]).fun

    # Fork loop
    for i, value in enumerate(pool.imap(pool_fun, range(len(var1))), 0):
        print(var1[i], '+' ,var2[j], '=', value)

# Close the pool
pool.close()

您可以使用以下两个函数，以避免为每个新函数编写包装器：

import itertools
from multiprocessing import Pool

def universal_worker(input_pair):
    function, args = input_pair
    return function(*args)

def pool_args(function, *args):
    return zip(itertools.repeat(function), zip(*args))

将函数函数与参数arg_0、arg_1和arg_2的列表一起使用，如下所示：

pool = Pool(n_core)
list_model = pool.map(universal_worker, pool_args(function, arg_0, arg_1, arg_2)
pool.close()
pool.join()