对于Python 2.6及更高版本和Python 3.x:

except Exception as e: print(e)

对于Python 2.5及更早版本，使用:

except Exception,e: print str(e)

在捕获异常时，可以控制显示/记录跟踪中的哪些信息。

的代码

with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
    pass

将产生以下回溯:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 19, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

打印/记录完整的回溯

正如其他人已经提到的，你可以通过使用traceback模块来捕获整个跟踪:

import traceback
try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    traceback.print_exc()

这将产生以下输出:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 19, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

你可以通过使用日志来达到同样的效果:

try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    logger.error(exception, exc_info=True)

输出:

__main__: 2020-05-27 12:10:47-ERROR- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 27, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

仅打印/记录错误名称/消息

你可能对整个回溯不感兴趣，而只对最重要的信息感兴趣，比如异常名称和异常消息，使用:

try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    print("Exception: {}".format(type(exception).__name__))
    print("Exception message: {}".format(exception))

输出:

Exception: FileNotFoundError
Exception message: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

我建议使用try-except语句。此外，日志异常不是使用print语句，而是在记录器上记录级别为ERROR的消息，我发现这比print输出更有效。该方法只能从异常处理程序调用，如下所示:

import logging

try:
    *code goes here*
except BaseException:
    logging.exception("*Error goes here*")

如果你想了解更多关于日志记录和调试的知识，这个python页面上有很好的文档。

如果你想传递错误字符串，这里有一个来自错误和异常(Python 2.6)的例子

>>> try:
...    raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
... except Exception as inst:
...    print type(inst)     # the exception instance
...    print inst.args      # arguments stored in .args
...    print inst           # __str__ allows args to printed directly
...    x, y = inst          # __getitem__ allows args to be unpacked directly
...    print 'x =', x
...    print 'y =', y
...
<type 'exceptions.Exception'>
('spam', 'eggs')
('spam', 'eggs')
x = spam
y = eggs

在这里展开“except Exception as e:”的解决方案是一个很好的一行，其中包括一些额外的信息，如错误的类型和发生的位置。

try:
    1/0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"{type(e).__name__} at line {e.__traceback__.tb_lineno} of {__file__}: {e}")

输出:

ZeroDivisionError at line 48 of /Users/.../script.py: division by zero

在Python 2.6或更高版本中，它更简洁:

except Exception as e: print(e)

在较旧的版本中，它仍然是相当可读的:

except Exception, e: print e