如果你想传递错误字符串，这里有一个来自错误和异常(Python 2.6)的例子

>>> try:
...    raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
... except Exception as inst:
...    print type(inst)     # the exception instance
...    print inst.args      # arguments stored in .args
...    print inst           # __str__ allows args to printed directly
...    x, y = inst          # __getitem__ allows args to be unpacked directly
...    print 'x =', x
...    print 'y =', y
...
<type 'exceptions.Exception'>
('spam', 'eggs')
('spam', 'eggs')
x = spam
y = eggs

#试试这个

try:

    print("Hare Krishna!")

except Exception as er:

    print(er)
    

在捕获异常时，可以控制显示/记录跟踪中的哪些信息。

的代码

with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
    pass

将产生以下回溯:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 19, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

打印/记录完整的回溯

正如其他人已经提到的，你可以通过使用traceback模块来捕获整个跟踪:

import traceback
try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    traceback.print_exc()

这将产生以下输出:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 19, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

你可以通过使用日志来达到同样的效果:

try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    logger.error(exception, exc_info=True)

输出:

__main__: 2020-05-27 12:10:47-ERROR- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "exception_checks.py", line 27, in <module>
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

仅打印/记录错误名称/消息

你可能对整个回溯不感兴趣，而只对最重要的信息感兴趣，比如异常名称和异常消息，使用:

try:
    with open("not_existing_file.txt", 'r') as text:
        pass
except Exception as exception:
    print("Exception: {}".format(type(exception).__name__))
    print("Exception message: {}".format(exception))

输出:

Exception: FileNotFoundError
Exception message: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'not_existing_file.txt'

对于Python 2.6及更高版本和Python 3.x:

except Exception as e: print(e)

对于Python 2.5及更早版本，使用:

except Exception,e: print str(e)

如果你想传递错误字符串，这里有一个来自错误和异常(Python 2.6)的例子

>>> try:
...    raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
... except Exception as inst:
...    print type(inst)     # the exception instance
...    print inst.args      # arguments stored in .args
...    print inst           # __str__ allows args to printed directly
...    x, y = inst          # __getitem__ allows args to be unpacked directly
...    print 'x =', x
...    print 'y =', y
...
<type 'exceptions.Exception'>
('spam', 'eggs')
('spam', 'eggs')
x = spam
y = eggs

traceback模块提供了格式化和打印异常及其回溯信息的方法，例如，这将像默认处理程序一样打印异常:

import traceback

try:
    1/0
except Exception:
    traceback.print_exc()

输出:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\scripts\divide_by_zero.py", line 4, in <module>
    1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero