HashMap, LinkedHashMap和TreeMap在Java中的区别是什么?
我在输出中没有看到任何不同,因为这三个都有keySet和values。什么是哈希表?
Map m1 = new HashMap();
m1.put("map", "HashMap");
m1.put("schildt", "java2");
m1.put("mathew", "Hyden");
m1.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(m1.keySet());
print(m1.values());
SortedMap sm = new TreeMap();
sm.put("map", "TreeMap");
sm.put("schildt", "java2");
sm.put("mathew", "Hyden");
sm.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(sm.keySet());
print(sm.values());
LinkedHashMap lm = new LinkedHashMap();
lm.put("map", "LinkedHashMap");
lm.put("schildt", "java2");
lm.put("mathew", "Hyden");
lm.put("schildt", "java2s");
print(lm.keySet());
print(lm.values());
HashMap
可以包含一个空键。
HashMap没有秩序。
TreeMap
TreeMap不能包含任何空键。
TreeMap保持升序。
LinkedHashMap
LinkedHashMap可用于维护插入顺序,即键被插入到Map中,也可用于维护访问顺序,即键被访问。
例子::
1) HashMap map = new HashMap();
map.put(null, "Kamran");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(5, "From");
map.put(4, "Dir");`enter code here`
map.put(3, "Lower");
for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey() + " " + m.getValue());
}
2) TreeMap map = new TreeMap();
map.put(1, "Kamran");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(5, "From");
map.put(4, "Dir");
map.put(3, "Lower");
for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey() + " " + m.getValue());
}
3) LinkedHashMap map = new LinkedHashMap();
map.put(1, "Kamran");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(5, "From");
map.put(4, "Dir");
map.put(3, "Lower");
for (Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey() + " " + m.getValue());
}
三者中最重要的是如何保存条目的顺序。
HashMap -不保存条目的顺序。
如。
public static void main(String[] args){
HashMap<String,Integer> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
hashMap.put("First",1);// First ---> 1 is put first in the map
hashMap.put("Second",2);//Second ---> 2 is put second in the map
hashMap.put("Third",3); // Third--->3 is put third in the map
for(Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : hashMap.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"--->"+entry.getValue());
}
}
LinkedHashMap:它保存条目的顺序。例如:
public static void main(String[] args){
LinkedHashMap<String,Integer> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
linkedHashMap.put("First",1);// First ---> 1 is put first in the map
linkedHashMap.put("Second",2);//Second ---> 2 is put second in the map
linkedHashMap.put("Third",3); // Third--->3 is put third in the map
for(Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : linkedHashMap.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"--->"+entry.getValue());
}
}
TreeMap:按键的升序保存条目。例如:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
TreeMap<String,Integer> treeMap = new TreeMap<>();
treeMap.put("A",1);// A---> 1 is put first in the map
treeMap.put("C",2);//C---> 2 is put second in the map
treeMap.put("B",3); //B--->3 is put third in the map
for(Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : treeMap.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"--->"+entry.getValue());
}
}
@Amit: SortedMap is an interface whereas TreeMap is a class which implements the SortedMap interface. That means if follows the protocol which SortedMap asks its implementers to do.
A tree unless implemented as search tree, can't give you ordered data because tree can be any kind of tree. So to make TreeMap work like Sorted order, it implements SortedMap ( e.g, Binary Search Tree - BST, balanced BST like AVL and R-B Tree , even Ternary Search Tree - mostly used for iterative searches in ordered way ).
public class TreeMap<K,V>
extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements SortedMap<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable
在坚果壳
HashMap:给出O(1)的数据,没有排序
TreeMap:给出O(log N),以2为底的数据。使用有序键
LinkedHashMap:是具有链表(想想索引- skiplist)功能的哈希表,以插入树的方式存储数据。最适合实现LRU(最近最少使用)。