为了给出更多的解释，Python将使用site.py脚本(通常位于sys. py中)自动构造它的搜索路径(如上所述和这里)。Prefix + lib/python<version>/site-packages以及lib/site-python)。可以获取sys.prefix的值:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)'

The site.py script then adds a number of directories, dependent upon the platform, such as /usr/{lib,share}/python<version>/dist-packages, /usr/local/lib/python<version>/dist-packages to the search path and also searches these paths for <package>.pth config files which contain specific additional search paths. For example easy-install maintains its collection of installed packages which are added to a system specific file e.g on Ubuntu it's /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy-install.pth. On a typical system there are a bunch of these .pth files around which can explain some unexpected paths in sys.path:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)'

因此，可以创建一个.pth文件，并将其放在这些目录中的任何一个目录中(包括上面提到的sitedir)。这似乎是大多数包被添加到系统的方式。而不是使用PYTHONPATH。

Note: On OSX there's a special additional search path added by site.py for 'framework builds' (but seems to work for normal command line use of python): /Library/Python/<version>/site-packages (e.g. for Python2.7: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/) which is where 3rd party packages are supposed to be installed (see the README in that dir). So one can add a path configuration file in there containing additional search paths e.g. create a file called /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-usr-local.pth which contains /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ and then the system python will add that search path.

这适用于Windows

在Windows上，使用Python 2.7进入Python安装文件夹。 开放的Lib /网站。 将example.pth空文件添加到此文件夹。 将所需的路径添加到文件中，每行一个。

然后，您将能够从脚本中看到这些路径中的所有模块。

如果您正在使用bash(在Mac或GNU/Linux发行版上)，请将此添加到~/.bashrc中

export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path"

将export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path"添加到~/。如果PYTHONPATH当前不存在(因为:)，bashrc可能无法工作。

export PYTHONPATH="/my/other/path1"
export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path2"

将以上内容添加到我的~/。bashrc在Ubuntu 16.04上为我完成了这个任务

在Mac上:

user@terminal$ env PYTHONPATH=module_path python3
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['module_path', 'plus_other_python3_paths',...]

修复从bash切换到zsh时Python路径问题

当我从bash切换到zsh时，我遇到了Python路径问题。

解决办法很简单，但我没有注意到。

Pip告诉我，脚本blah blah或包blah blah安装在~/。不在路径中的本地/bin。

在阅读了这个问题的一些解决方案后，我打开我的.zshrc，发现解决方案已经存在。

我不得不取消注释一行:

看一看