您可以通过pythonrc文件添加路径，该文件默认为~/。linux上的Pythonrc。ie。

import sys
sys.path.append('/path/to/dir')

您还可以在全局rc文件中设置PYTHONPATH环境变量，例如~/。mac或linux上的配置文件，或通过控制面板->系统->高级选项卡-> windows上的环境变量。

A <-> B之间的最短路径是一条直线;

import sys
if not 'NEW_PATH' in sys.path:
  sys.path += ['NEW_PATH']

下面的脚本可以在所有平台上运行，因为它是纯Python。它使用了pathlib路径(请参阅https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html)，使其能够跨平台工作。运行一次，重新启动内核，就完成了。灵感来自https://medium.com/@arnaud.bertrand/ modiing-python-s - sear-path-with-pth -files-2a41a4143574。为了运行它，它需要管理员权限，因为你修改了一些系统文件。

from pathlib import Path
to_add=Path(path_of_directory_to_add)
from sys import path

if str(to_add) not in path:
    minLen=999999
    for index,directory in enumerate(path):
        if 'site-packages' in directory and len(directory)<=minLen:
            minLen=len(directory)
            stpi=index
            
    pathSitePckgs=Path(path[stpi])
    with open(str(pathSitePckgs/'current_machine_paths.pth'),'w') as pth_file:
        pth_file.write(str(to_add))

对于那些(像我一样)不想太深入地参与Python文件管理(这似乎过于复杂)的人来说，在我的Windows 11笔记本电脑上创建.pth文件工作得非常完美(我在Windows中使用Visual Studio Code)。所以只要找到你的虚拟环境站点包的文件夹——这是我的:

创建一个扩展名为.pth的文本文件——我把我的文件命名为wheal.pth:

为它添加路径:

在VS Code中最好的事情是导入语句可以识别这个路径(我不得不退出VS Code并返回)，所以现在更多的输入# type: ignore来抑制linting警告消息!

将export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path"添加到~/。如果PYTHONPATH当前不存在(因为:)，bashrc可能无法工作。

export PYTHONPATH="/my/other/path1"
export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path2"

将以上内容添加到我的~/。bashrc在Ubuntu 16.04上为我完成了这个任务

为了给出更多的解释，Python将使用site.py脚本(通常位于sys. py中)自动构造它的搜索路径(如上所述和这里)。Prefix + lib/python<version>/site-packages以及lib/site-python)。可以获取sys.prefix的值:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)'

The site.py script then adds a number of directories, dependent upon the platform, such as /usr/{lib,share}/python<version>/dist-packages, /usr/local/lib/python<version>/dist-packages to the search path and also searches these paths for <package>.pth config files which contain specific additional search paths. For example easy-install maintains its collection of installed packages which are added to a system specific file e.g on Ubuntu it's /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy-install.pth. On a typical system there are a bunch of these .pth files around which can explain some unexpected paths in sys.path:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)'

因此，可以创建一个.pth文件，并将其放在这些目录中的任何一个目录中(包括上面提到的sitedir)。这似乎是大多数包被添加到系统的方式。而不是使用PYTHONPATH。

Note: On OSX there's a special additional search path added by site.py for 'framework builds' (but seems to work for normal command line use of python): /Library/Python/<version>/site-packages (e.g. for Python2.7: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/) which is where 3rd party packages are supposed to be installed (see the README in that dir). So one can add a path configuration file in there containing additional search paths e.g. create a file called /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-usr-local.pth which contains /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ and then the system python will add that search path.