每当我使用sys.path。追加,新目录将被添加。然而,一旦我关闭python,列表将恢复到以前的(默认?)值。如何将目录永久添加到PYTHONPATH?


当前回答

在多次撞击墙壁后。最终解决的问题是,在我的CentOS 8中,pip3是旧的,它在安装最新的软件包时显示错误。

现在,我已经下载了Python源包,它是Python-3.10.4,并以通常的方式安装,但是安装后检查在bash中产生了错误。

我不能删除现有的Python,因为这会破坏CentOS的桌面功能。

解决方案:

为构建

./configure //不要添加——prefix=/usr,你需要适当地设置 使-j8 Sudo make install

现在,由于您安装了多个Python,您可以设置别名Python =python3

以及设置PYTHONPATH

export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/bin/python3.10:/usr/local/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages"

不要添加PYTHONHOME

其他回答

为了添加awesomo的答案,你也可以在~/中添加这一行。Bash_profile或~/.profile

如果您正在使用bash(在Mac或GNU/Linux发行版上),请将此添加到~/.bashrc中

export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/my/other/path"

为了给出更多的解释,Python将使用site.py脚本(通常位于sys. py中)自动构造它的搜索路径(如上所述和这里)。Prefix + lib/python<version>/site-packages以及lib/site-python)。可以获取sys.prefix的值:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)'

The site.py script then adds a number of directories, dependent upon the platform, such as /usr/{lib,share}/python<version>/dist-packages, /usr/local/lib/python<version>/dist-packages to the search path and also searches these paths for <package>.pth config files which contain specific additional search paths. For example easy-install maintains its collection of installed packages which are added to a system specific file e.g on Ubuntu it's /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy-install.pth. On a typical system there are a bunch of these .pth files around which can explain some unexpected paths in sys.path:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)'

因此,可以创建一个.pth文件,并将其放在这些目录中的任何一个目录中(包括上面提到的sitedir)。这似乎是大多数包被添加到系统的方式。而不是使用PYTHONPATH。

Note: On OSX there's a special additional search path added by site.py for 'framework builds' (but seems to work for normal command line use of python): /Library/Python/<version>/site-packages (e.g. for Python2.7: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/) which is where 3rd party packages are supposed to be installed (see the README in that dir). So one can add a path configuration file in there containing additional search paths e.g. create a file called /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-usr-local.pth which contains /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ and then the system python will add that search path.

如果有人仍然感到困惑,如果你在Mac上,请执行以下操作:

打开终端 输入open .bash_profile 在弹出的文本文件中,在最后添加这行: 出口到PYTHONPATH = $ PYTHONPATH: foo / bar 保存文件,重新启动终端,就完成了

您需要将新目录添加到环境变量PYTHONPATH中,以冒号与之前的内容分隔。在任何形式的Unix中,您都可以在适合于您使用的任何shell的启动脚本中完成(。配置文件或其他,取决于你最喜欢的shell)与一个命令,同样,取决于所讨论的shell;在Windows中,您可以通过系统GUI来实现此目的。

Superuser.com可能是一个更好的地方,可以进一步询问,例如,如果您需要详细说明如何在所选的平台和shell中丰富环境变量,可以询问更多细节,因为这本身并不是一个真正的编程问题。