向canvas元素添加一个单击事件处理程序，返回单击的x和y坐标(相对于canvas元素)，最简单的方法是什么?
不需要传统浏览器兼容性，Safari、Opera和Firefox就可以了。
当前回答
根据最新的Quirksmode，所有主流浏览器都支持clientX和clientY方法。 所以，它开始了-在滚动条页面上的滚动div中工作的良好工作代码:
function getCursorPosition(canvas, event) {
var x, y;
canoffset = $(canvas).offset();
x = event.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft + document.documentElement.scrollLeft - Math.floor(canoffset.left);
y = event.clientY + document.body.scrollTop + document.documentElement.scrollTop - Math.floor(canoffset.top) + 1;
return [x,y];
}
这也需要jQuery $(canvas).offset()。
其他回答
所以这是一个简单但比看起来更复杂的话题。
首先，这里通常有一些合并的问题
如何获得元素相对鼠标坐标 如何获得画布像素鼠标坐标为2D画布API或WebGL
所以,答案
如何获得元素相对鼠标坐标
无论元素是否是画布，获取元素相对鼠标坐标对所有元素都是相同的。
“如何获得画布相对鼠标坐标”这个问题有两个简单的答案
简单答案#1使用offsetX和offsetY
canvas.addEventListner('mousemove', (e) => {
const x = e.offsetX;
const y = e.offsetY;
});
这个答案适用于Chrome, Firefox和Safari。与所有其他事件值不同，offsetX和offsetY将CSS转换考虑在内。
offsetX和offsetY最大的问题是，截至2019/05，它们在触摸事件上不存在，因此不能与iOS Safari一起使用。它们确实存在于指针事件，存在于Chrome和Firefox中，但不包括Safari，尽管显然Safari正在处理它。
另一个问题是事件必须在画布本身上。如果你把它们放在其他元素或窗口上，你以后就不能选择画布作为你的参考点了。
简单的答案#2使用clientX, clienti和canvas.getBoundingClientRect
如果你不关心CSS转换，下一个最简单的答案是调用canvas。getBoundingClientRect()并从clientX中减去左边，从cliententy中减去顶部
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
const x = e.clientX - rect.left;
const y = e.clientY - rect.top;
});
只要没有CSS转换，这就可以工作。它也适用于触摸事件，因此也适用于Safari iOS
canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', (e) => {
const rect = canvas. getBoundingClientRect();
const x = e.touches[0].clientX - rect.left;
const y = e.touches[0].clientY - rect.top;
});
如何获得画布像素鼠标坐标为2D画布API
为此，我们需要将上面得到的值从画布显示的大小转换为画布本身的像素数
与画布。getBoundingClientRect和clientX和clientY
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
const elementRelativeX = e.clientX - rect.left;
const elementRelativeY = e.clientY - rect.top;
const canvasRelativeX = elementRelativeX * canvas.width / rect.width;
const canvasRelativeY = elementRelativeY * canvas.height / rect.height;
});
或使用offsetX和offsetY
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
const elementRelativeX = e.offsetX;
const elementRelativeY = e.offsetY;
const canvasRelativeX = elementRelativeX * canvas.width / canvas.clientWidth;
const canvasRelativeY = elementRelativeY * canvas.height / canvas.clientHeight;
});
注意:在所有情况下都不要给画布添加填充或边框。这样做将极大地复杂化代码。而不是你想要一个边框或填充在一些其他元素的画布周围，并添加填充和或边框到外部元素。
使用事件的工作示例。offsetX, event.offsetY
[...document.querySelectorAll('canvas')].forEach((canvas) => { const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); ctx.canvas.width = ctx.canvas.clientWidth; ctx.canvas.height = ctx.canvas.clientHeight; let count = 0; function draw(e, radius = 1) { const pos = { x: e.offsetX * canvas.width / canvas.clientWidth, y: e.offsetY * canvas.height / canvas.clientHeight, }; document.querySelector('#debug').textContent = count; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(pos.x, pos.y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fillStyle = hsl((count++ % 100) / 100, 1, 0.5); ctx.fill(); } function preventDefault(e) { e.preventDefault(); } if (window.PointerEvent) { canvas.addEventListener('pointermove', (e) => { draw(e, Math.max(Math.max(e.width, e.height) / 2, 1)); }); canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', preventDefault, {passive: false}); canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', preventDefault, {passive: false}); } else { canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', draw); canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', preventDefault); } }); function hsl(h, s, l) { return `hsl(${h * 360 | 0},${s * 100 | 0}%,${l * 100 | 0}%)`; } .scene { width: 200px; height: 200px; perspective: 600px; } .cube { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; transform-style: preserve-3d; animation-duration: 16s; animation-name: rotate; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-timing-function: linear; } @keyframes rotate { from { transform: translateZ(-100px) rotateX( 0deg) rotateY( 0deg); } to { transform: translateZ(-100px) rotateX(360deg) rotateY(720deg); } } .cube__face { position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 200px; display: block; } .cube__face--front { background: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.2); transform: rotateY( 0deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube__face--right { background: rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.2); transform: rotateY( 90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube__face--back { background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.2); transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube__face--left { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.2); transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube__face--top { background: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.2); transform: rotateX( 90deg) translateZ(100px); } .cube__face--bottom { background: rgba(255, 0, 255, 0.2); transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(100px); } <div class="scene"> <div class="cube"> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--front"></canvas> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--back"></canvas> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--right"></canvas> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--left"></canvas> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--top"></canvas> <canvas class="cube__face cube__face--bottom"></canvas> </div> </div> <pre id="debug"></pre>
使用画布的工作示例。getBoundingClientRect和事件。clientX和event.clientY
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas'); const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); ctx.canvas.width = ctx.canvas.clientWidth; ctx.canvas.height = ctx.canvas.clientHeight; let count = 0; function draw(e, radius = 1) { const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect(); const pos = { x: (e.clientX - rect.left) * canvas.width / canvas.clientWidth, y: (e.clientY - rect.top) * canvas.height / canvas.clientHeight, }; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(pos.x, pos.y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2); ctx.fillStyle = hsl((count++ % 100) / 100, 1, 0.5); ctx.fill(); } function preventDefault(e) { e.preventDefault(); } if (window.PointerEvent) { canvas.addEventListener('pointermove', (e) => { draw(e, Math.max(Math.max(e.width, e.height) / 2, 1)); }); canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', preventDefault, {passive: false}); canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', preventDefault, {passive: false}); } else { canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', draw); canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', preventDefault); } function hsl(h, s, l) { return `hsl(${h * 360 | 0},${s * 100 | 0}%,${l * 100 | 0}%)`; } canvas { background: #FED; } <canvas width="400" height="100" style="width: 300px; height: 200px"></canvas> <div>canvas deliberately has differnt CSS size vs drawingbuffer size</div>
更新(5/5/16):应该使用patriques的答案，因为它既简单又可靠。
Since the canvas isn't always styled relative to the entire page, the canvas.offsetLeft/Top doesn't always return what you need. It will return the number of pixels it is offset relative to its offsetParent element, which can be something like a div element containing the canvas with a position: relative style applied. To account for this you need to loop through the chain of offsetParents, beginning with the canvas element itself. This code works perfectly for me, tested in Firefox and Safari but should work for all.
function relMouseCoords(event){
var totalOffsetX = 0;
var totalOffsetY = 0;
var canvasX = 0;
var canvasY = 0;
var currentElement = this;
do{
totalOffsetX += currentElement.offsetLeft - currentElement.scrollLeft;
totalOffsetY += currentElement.offsetTop - currentElement.scrollTop;
}
while(currentElement = currentElement.offsetParent)
canvasX = event.pageX - totalOffsetX;
canvasY = event.pageY - totalOffsetY;
return {x:canvasX, y:canvasY}
}
HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.relMouseCoords = relMouseCoords;
最后一行可以方便地获取相对于canvas元素的鼠标坐标。要得到有用的坐标只需要
coords = canvas.relMouseCoords(event);
canvasX = coords.x;
canvasY = coords.y;
下面是对Ryan Artecona关于画布宽度可变(%)的答案的一个小修改:
HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.relMouseCoords = function (event) {
var totalOffsetX = 0;
var totalOffsetY = 0;
var canvasX = 0;
var canvasY = 0;
var currentElement = this;
do {
totalOffsetX += currentElement.offsetLeft;
totalOffsetY += currentElement.offsetTop;
}
while (currentElement = currentElement.offsetParent)
canvasX = event.pageX - totalOffsetX;
canvasY = event.pageY - totalOffsetY;
// Fix for variable canvas width
canvasX = Math.round( canvasX * (this.width / this.offsetWidth) );
canvasY = Math.round( canvasY * (this.height / this.offsetHeight) );
return {x:canvasX, y:canvasY}
}
我在创建一个应用程序，在pdf上有一个画布，这涉及到很多画布的大小调整，比如放大和缩小pdf，然后在每次放大/缩小pdf时，我都必须调整画布的大小以适应pdf的大小，我在stackOverflow中经历了很多答案，并没有找到一个完美的解决方案，最终将解决问题。
我使用的是rxjs和angular 6，没有找到任何针对最新版本的答案。
这里是整个代码片段，这将是有帮助的，任何人利用rxjs在画布上绘制。
private captureEvents(canvasEl: HTMLCanvasElement) {
this.drawingSubscription = fromEvent(canvasEl, 'mousedown')
.pipe(
switchMap((e: any) => {
return fromEvent(canvasEl, 'mousemove')
.pipe(
takeUntil(fromEvent(canvasEl, 'mouseup').do((event: WheelEvent) => {
const prevPos = {
x: null,
y: null
};
})),
takeUntil(fromEvent(canvasEl, 'mouseleave')),
pairwise()
)
})
)
.subscribe((res: [MouseEvent, MouseEvent]) => {
const rect = this.cx.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
const prevPos = {
x: Math.floor( ( res[0].clientX - rect.left ) / ( rect.right - rect.left ) * this.cx.canvas.width ),
y: Math.floor( ( res[0].clientY - rect.top ) / ( rect.bottom - rect.top ) * this.cx.canvas.height )
};
const currentPos = {
x: Math.floor( ( res[1].clientX - rect.left ) / ( rect.right - rect.left ) * this.cx.canvas.width ),
y: Math.floor( ( res[1].clientY - rect.top ) / ( rect.bottom - rect.top ) * this.cx.canvas.height )
};
this.coordinatesArray[this.file.current_slide - 1].push(prevPos);
this.drawOnCanvas(prevPos, currentPos);
});
}
这里是修复的代码片段，鼠标坐标相对于画布的大小，不管你如何放大/缩小画布。
const prevPos = {
x: Math.floor( ( res[0].clientX - rect.left ) / ( rect.right - rect.left ) * this.cx.canvas.width ),
y: Math.floor( ( res[0].clientY - rect.top ) / ( rect.bottom - rect.top ) * this.cx.canvas.height )
};
const currentPos = {
x: Math.floor( ( res[1].clientX - rect.left ) / ( rect.right - rect.left ) * this.cx.canvas.width ),
y: Math.floor( ( res[1].clientY - rect.top ) / ( rect.bottom - rect.top ) * this.cx.canvas.height )
};
你可以这样做:
var canvas = yourCanvasElement;
var mouseX = (event.clientX - (canvas.offsetLeft - canvas.scrollLeft)) - 2;
var mouseY = (event.clientY - (canvas.offsetTop - canvas.scrollTop)) - 2;
这将为您提供鼠标指针的确切位置。
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