很少有@Autowired更可取的情况。 其中之一是循环依赖。想象一下下面的场景:

@Service
public class EmployeeService {
    private final DepartmentService departmentService;

    public EmployeeService(DepartmentService departmentService) {
        this.departmentService = departmentService;
    }
}

and

@Service
public class DepartmentService {
    private final EmployeeService employeeService;

    public DepartmentService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
        this.employeeService = employeeService;
    }
}

Then Spring Bean Factory will throw circular dependency exception. This won't happen if you use @Autowired annotation in both beans. And this is understandable: the constructor injection happens at very early stage of Spring Bean initialization, in createBeanInstance method of Bean Factory, while @Autowired-based injection happens way later, on post processing stage and is done by AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor. Circular dependency is quite common in complex Spring Context application, and it needs not to be just two beans referring one another, it could a complex chain of several beans.

另一个@Autowired非常有用的用例是自我注入。

@Service
public class EmployeeService {
    
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeService self;

}

从同一个bean中调用被通知的方法可能需要这样做。这里和这里也讨论了自注入。

有一种方法可以使用Lombok中的@ requeiredargsconstructor注释通过构造函数注入依赖项

@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Service
 class A {
     private final B b // needs to be declared final to be injected
}

这样就不需要指定构造函数

是的，选项B(称为构造函数注入)实际上推荐在字段注入之上，它有几个优点:

依赖性被清楚地标识出来。在测试时，或者在任何其他情况下实例化对象时(比如在配置类中显式地创建bean实例)，都不可能忘记一个对象。 依赖关系可以是final的，这有助于健壮性和线程安全性 您不需要反射来设置依赖项。InjectMocks仍然可用，但不是必需的。您可以自己创建mock，并通过简单地调用构造函数来注入它们

请参阅这篇由Spring贡献者之一Olivier Gierke撰写的更详细的文章。

我用简单的话来解释:

在选项(A)中，您允许任何人(在Spring容器外部/内部的不同类中)使用默认构造函数创建实例(如new SomeService())，这并不好，因为您需要SomeOtherService对象(作为依赖项)用于您的SomeService。

除了添加代码，自动连接构造函数还有其他功能吗 单元测试?这是一种更受欢迎的依赖方式吗 注射吗?

选项(B)是首选方法，因为它不允许在没有实际解决SomeOtherService依赖关系的情况下创建SomeService对象。

Autowired构造函数提供了一个钩子，可以在将自定义代码注册到spring容器之前添加它。假设SomeService类扩展了另一个名为SuperSomeService的类，并且它有一个以名称作为参数的构造函数。在这种情况下，Autowired构造函数工作得很好。同样，如果有其他成员要初始化，可以在将实例返回给spring容器之前在构造函数中进行初始化。

public class SuperSomeService {
     private String name;
     public SuperSomeService(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
}

@Component
public class SomeService extends SuperSomeService {
    private final SomeOtherService someOtherService;
    private Map<String, String> props = null;

    @Autowired
    public SomeService(SomeOtherService someOtherService){
        SuperSomeService("SomeService")
        this.someOtherService = someOtherService;
        props = loadMap();
    }
}

很少有@Autowired更可取的情况。 其中之一是循环依赖。想象一下下面的场景:

@Service
public class EmployeeService {
    private final DepartmentService departmentService;

    public EmployeeService(DepartmentService departmentService) {
        this.departmentService = departmentService;
    }
}

and

@Service
public class DepartmentService {
    private final EmployeeService employeeService;

    public DepartmentService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
        this.employeeService = employeeService;
    }
}

Then Spring Bean Factory will throw circular dependency exception. This won't happen if you use @Autowired annotation in both beans. And this is understandable: the constructor injection happens at very early stage of Spring Bean initialization, in createBeanInstance method of Bean Factory, while @Autowired-based injection happens way later, on post processing stage and is done by AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor. Circular dependency is quite common in complex Spring Context application, and it needs not to be just two beans referring one another, it could a complex chain of several beans.

另一个@Autowired非常有用的用例是自我注入。

@Service
public class EmployeeService {
    
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeService self;

}

从同一个bean中调用被通知的方法可能需要这样做。这里和这里也讨论了自注入。