你可以使用这个方法:

function string:split(delimiter)
  local result = { }
  local from  = 1
  local delim_from, delim_to = string.find( self, delimiter, from  )
  while delim_from do
    table.insert( result, string.sub( self, from , delim_from-1 ) )
    from  = delim_to + 1
    delim_from, delim_to = string.find( self, delimiter, from  )
  end
  table.insert( result, string.sub( self, from  ) )
  return result
end

delimiter = string.split(stringtodelimite,pattern) 

这个问题已经很晚了，但如果有人想要一个处理分裂数量的版本，你想要.....

-- Split a string into a table using a delimiter and a limit
string.split = function(str, pat, limit)
  local t = {}
  local fpat = "(.-)" .. pat
  local last_end = 1
  local s, e, cap = str:find(fpat, 1)
  while s do
    if s ~= 1 or cap ~= "" then
      table.insert(t, cap)
    end

    last_end = e+1
    s, e, cap = str:find(fpat, last_end)

    if limit ~= nil and limit <= #t then
      break
    end
  end

  if last_end <= #str then
    cap = str:sub(last_end)
    table.insert(t, cap)
  end

  return t
end

我发现许多其他答案都有失败的边缘情况(例如。当给定的字符串包含#，{或}字符，或给定的分隔符，如%，需要转义)。下面是我使用的实现:

local function newsplit(delimiter, str)
    assert(type(delimiter) == "string")
    assert(#delimiter > 0, "Must provide non empty delimiter")

    -- Add escape characters if delimiter requires it
    delimiter = delimiter:gsub("[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%]%^%$]", "%%%0")

    local start_index = 1
    local result = {}

    while true do
       local delimiter_index, _ = str:find(delimiter, start_index)

       if delimiter_index == nil then
          table.insert(result, str:sub(start_index))
          break
       end

       table.insert(result, str:sub(start_index, delimiter_index - 1))

       start_index = delimiter_index + 1
    end

    return result
end

如果你在Lua中拆分字符串，你应该尝试string.gmatch()或string.sub()方法。如果知道要分割字符串的索引，则使用string.sub()方法;如果要解析字符串以找到要分割字符串的位置，则使用string.gmatch()方法。

使用Lua 5.1参考手册中的string.gmatch()示例:

 t = {}
 s = "from=world, to=Lua"
 for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
   t[k] = v
 end

如果你只想遍历这些令牌，这是非常简洁的:

line = "one, two and 3!"

for token in string.gmatch(line, "[^%s]+") do
   print(token)
end

输出:

一个, 两个 而且 3！

简单解释:“[^%s]+”模式匹配空格字符之间的每个非空字符串。

对于那些从“在Lua中编程”这本书的练习10.1中学习过的人来说，似乎很清楚我们不能使用后面书中解释的概念(迭代器)，而且函数应该接受多个字符分隔符。

split()是一个让模式匹配不需要的内容(split)并在空字符串上返回一个空表的技巧。plainSplit()的返回更像其他语言中的split。

magic = "([%%%.%(%)%+%*%?%[%]%^%$])"

function split(str, sep, plain)
    if plain then sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1") end
    
    local N = '\255'
    str = N..str..N
    str = string.gsub(str, sep, N..N)

    local result = {}
    for word in string.gmatch(str, N.."(.-)"..N) do
        if word ~= "" then
            table.insert(result, word)
        end
    end
    return result
end


function plainSplit(str, sep)
    sep = string.gsub(sep, magic, "%%%1")

    local result = {}
    local start = 0
    repeat
        start = start + 1

        local from, to = string.find(str, sep, start)
        from = from and from-1
        
        local word = string.sub(str, start, from, true)
        table.insert(result, word)

        start = to
    until start == nil

    return result
end


function tableToString(t)
    local ret = "{"
    for _, word in ipairs(t) do
        ret = ret .. '"' .. word .. '", '
    end
    ret = string.sub(ret, 1, -3)
    ret = ret .. "}"

    return #ret > 1 and ret or "{}"
end

function runSplit(func, title, str, sep, plain)
    print("\n" .. title)
    print("str: '"..str.."'")
    print("sep: '"..sep.."'")
    local t = func(str, sep, plain)
    print("-- t = " .. tableToString(t))
end



print("\n\n\n=== Pattern split ===")
runSplit(split, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(split, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(split, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(split, "Pattern seperator", "a1whole2new3world", "%d")
runSplit(split, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%", true)
runSplit(split, "Control seperator", "a\0whole\1new\2world", "%c")
runSplit(split, "ISO Time", "2020-07-10T15:00:00.000", "[T:%-%.]")

runSplit(split, " === [Fails] with \\255 ===", "a\255whole\0new\0world", "\0", true)

runSplit(split, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")



print("\n\n\n=== Plain split ===")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Exercice 10.1", "a whole new world", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "With trailing seperator", "  a  whole   new world  ", " ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "A word seperator", "a whole new world", " whole ")
runSplit(plainSplit, "Magic characters as plain seperator", "a$.%whole$.%new$.%world", "$.%")

runSplit(plainSplit, "How does your function handle empty string?", "", " ")

输出

=== Pattern split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Pattern seperator
str: 'a1whole2new3world'
sep: '%d'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

Control seperator
str: 'awholenewworld'
sep: '%c'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

ISO Time
str: '2020-07-10T15:00:00.000'
sep: '[T:%-%.]'
-- t = {"2020", "07", "10", "15", "00", "00", "000"}

 === [Fails] with \255 ===
str: 'a�wholenewworld'
sep: ''
-- t = {"a"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {}



=== Plain split ===

Exercice 10.1
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' '
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

With trailing seperator
str: '  a  whole   new world  '
sep: ' '
-- t = {"", "", "a", "", "whole", "", "", "new", "world", "", ""}

A word seperator
str: 'a whole new world'
sep: ' whole '
-- t = {"a", "new world"}

Magic characters as plain seperator
str: 'a$.%whole$.%new$.%world'
sep: '$.%'
-- t = {"a", "whole", "new", "world"}

How does your function handle empty string?
str: ''
sep: ' '
-- t = {""}