使用一些疯狂的构造和应用逻辑，而不是简单的COALESCE。

使用ORM进行批量更新 选择多于需要的数据。同样，这通常在使用ORM时完成 在循环中触发sql。 没有良好的测试数据，只在实时数据上注意到性能下降。

开发人员所犯的关键数据库设计和编程错误

Selfish database design and usage. Developers often treat the database as their personal persistent object store without considering the needs of other stakeholders in the data. This also applies to application architects. Poor database design and data integrity makes it hard for third parties working with the data and can substantially increase the system's life cycle costs. Reporting and MIS tends to be a poor cousin in application design and only done as an afterthought. Abusing denormalised data. Overdoing denormalised data and trying to maintain it within the application is a recipe for data integrity issues. Use denormalisation sparingly. Not wanting to add a join to a query is not an excuse for denormalising. Scared of writing SQL. SQL isn't rocket science and is actually quite good at doing its job. O/R mapping layers are quite good at doing the 95% of queries that are simple and fit well into that model. Sometimes SQL is the best way to do the job. Dogmatic 'No Stored Procedures' policies. Regardless of whether you believe stored procedures are evil, this sort of dogmatic attitude has no place on a software project. Not understanding database design. Normalisation is your friend and it's not rocket science. Joining and cardinality are fairly simple concepts - if you're involved in database application development there's really no excuse for not understanding them.

我讨厌开发人员使用嵌套的选择语句，甚至在查询的“select”部分中返回选择语句的结果的函数。

我很惊讶我在其他地方没有看到这个，也许我忽略了它，尽管@adam也有类似的问题。

例子:

SELECT
    (SELECT TOP 1 SomeValue FROM SomeTable WHERE SomeDate = c.Date ORDER BY SomeValue desc) As FirstVal
    ,(SELECT OtherValue FROM SomeOtherTable WHERE SomeOtherCriteria = c.Criteria) As SecondVal
FROM
    MyTable c

在这个场景中，如果MyTable返回10000行，结果就好像查询只运行了20001个查询，因为它必须运行初始查询，并对每一行结果查询一次其他表。

开发人员可以在只返回几行数据且子表通常只有少量数据的开发环境中使用这种查询，但在生产环境中，随着向表中添加更多数据，这种查询的成本可能会呈指数级增长。

一个更好的(不一定完美的)例子是这样的:

SELECT
     s.SomeValue As FirstVal
    ,o.OtherValue As SecondVal
FROM
    MyTable c
    LEFT JOIN (
        SELECT SomeDate, MAX(SomeValue) as SomeValue
        FROM SomeTable 
        GROUP BY SomeDate
     ) s ON c.Date = s.SomeDate
    LEFT JOIN SomeOtherTable o ON c.Criteria = o.SomeOtherCriteria

这允许数据库优化器将数据混合在一起，而不是从主表中重新查询每条记录，我通常发现，当我必须修复产生这个问题的代码时，我通常会将查询速度提高100%或更多，同时减少CPU和内存使用。

有一件事我想补充，学习使用分析函数，如分区BY, RANK, DENSE_RANK (Oracle)。它们对于复杂的查询是绝对必要的。

其他建议是，如果可能的话，在您的开发团队中有一个专门的数据库开发人员，他应该是SQL、数据库建模、调优等方面的专家(但不是DBA)。这种技能是一笔巨大的财富。

根据我的经验: 不与有经验的dba沟通。