考虑下面的代码:
var age = 3;
console.log("I'm " + age + " years old!");
除了字符串连接之外,还有其他方法可以将变量的值插入到字符串中吗?
考虑下面的代码:
var age = 3;
console.log("I'm " + age + " years old!");
除了字符串连接之外,还有其他方法可以将变量的值插入到字符串中吗?
当前回答
当我不知道如何正确地表达,只想快速地得到一个想法时,我就会在很多语言中使用这种模式:
// JavaScript
let stringValue = 'Hello, my name is {name}. You {action} my {relation}.'
.replace(/{name}/g ,'Inigo Montoya')
.replace(/{action}/g ,'killed')
.replace(/{relation}/g,'father')
;
虽然不是特别高效,但我觉得它可读。它总是有效的,而且总是可用的:
' VBScript
dim template = "Hello, my name is {name}. You {action} my {relation}."
dim stringvalue = template
stringValue = replace(stringvalue, "{name}" ,"Luke Skywalker")
stringValue = replace(stringvalue, "{relation}","Father")
stringValue = replace(stringvalue, "{action}" ,"are")
总是
* COBOL
INSPECT stringvalue REPLACING FIRST '{name}' BY 'Grendel Mother'
INSPECT stringvalue REPLACING FIRST '{relation}' BY 'Son shoulder'
INSPECT stringvalue REPLACING FIRST '{action}' BY 'made a gaping mortal-making wound upon.'
其他回答
你可以使用Prototype的模板系统,如果你真的想用大锤敲开一个坚果:
var template = new Template("I'm #{age} years old!");
alert(template.evaluate({age: 21}));
自定义灵活插补:
var sourceElm = document.querySelector('input') // interpolation callback const onInterpolate = s => `<mark>${s}</mark>` // listen to "input" event sourceElm.addEventListener('input', parseInput) // parse on window load parseInput() // input element parser function parseInput(){ var html = interpolate(sourceElm.value, undefined, onInterpolate) sourceElm.nextElementSibling.innerHTML = html; } // the actual interpolation function interpolate(str, interpolator = ["{{", "}}"], cb){ // split by "start" pattern return str.split(interpolator[0]).map((s1, i) => { // first item can be safely ignored if( i == 0 ) return s1; // for each splited part, split again by "end" pattern const s2 = s1.split(interpolator[1]); // is there's no "closing" match to this part, rebuild it if( s1 == s2[0]) return interpolator[0] + s2[0] // if this split's result as multiple items' array, it means the first item is between the patterns if( s2.length > 1 ){ s2[0] = s2[0] ? cb(s2[0]) // replace the array item with whatever : interpolator.join('') // nothing was between the interpolation pattern } return s2.join('') // merge splited array (part2) }).join('') // merge everything } input{ padding:5px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; } *{ font: 14px Arial; padding:5px; } <input value="Everything between {{}} is {{processed}}" /> <div></div>
虽然模板可能最适合你描述的情况,但如果你有或想要你的数据和/或参数是可迭代/数组形式,你可以使用String.raw。
String.raw({
raw: ["I'm ", " years old!"]
}, 3);
将数据作为数组,可以使用展开操作符:
const args = [3, 'yesterday'];
String.raw({
raw: ["I'm ", " years old as of ", ""]
}, ...args);
试试sprintf库(一个完整的开源JavaScript sprintf实现)。例如:
vsprintf('The first 4 letters of the english alphabet are: %s, %s, %s and %s', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']);
Vsprintf接受一个参数数组并返回一个格式化的字符串。
扩展Greg Kindel的第二个答案,你可以写一个函数来消除一些样板文件:
var fmt = {
join: function() {
return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join(' ');
},
log: function() {
console.log(this.join(...arguments));
}
}
用法:
var age = 7;
var years = 5;
var sentence = fmt.join('I am now', age, 'years old!');
fmt.log('In', years, 'years I will be', age + years, 'years old!');