我试图将数据从表单发送到数据库。这是我使用的形式:
<form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
典型的方法是提交表单，但这会导致浏览器重定向。使用jQuery和Ajax，是否有可能捕获所有表单的数据并将其提交给PHP脚本(例如，form. PHP)?
当前回答
我想分享一个详细的方法，如何张贴与PHP + Ajax以及错误抛出返回失败。
首先，创建两个文件，例如form.php和process.php。
我们将首先创建一个表单，然后使用jQuery .ajax()方法提交。其余的将在评论中解释。
form.php
<form method="post" name="postForm">
<ul>
<li>
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" id="name" placeholder="Bruce Wayne">
<span class="throw_error"></span>
<span id="success"></span>
</li>
</ul>
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
使用jQuery客户端验证表单并将数据传递给process.php。
$(document).ready(function() {
$('form').submit(function(event) { //Trigger on form submit
$('#name + .throw_error').empty(); //Clear the messages first
$('#success').empty();
//Validate fields if required using jQuery
var postForm = { //Fetch form data
'name' : $('input[name=name]').val() //Store name fields value
};
$.ajax({ //Process the form using $.ajax()
type : 'POST', //Method type
url : 'process.php', //Your form processing file URL
data : postForm, //Forms name
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
if (!data.success) { //If fails
if (data.errors.name) { //Returned if any error from process.php
$('.throw_error').fadeIn(1000).html(data.errors.name); //Throw relevant error
}
}
else {
$('#success').fadeIn(1000).append('<p>' + data.posted + '</p>'); //If successful, than throw a success message
}
}
});
event.preventDefault(); //Prevent the default submit
});
});
现在我们来看看process.php
$errors = array(); //To store errors
$form_data = array(); //Pass back the data to `form.php`
/* Validate the form on the server side */
if (empty($_POST['name'])) { //Name cannot be empty
$errors['name'] = 'Name cannot be blank';
}
if (!empty($errors)) { //If errors in validation
$form_data['success'] = false;
$form_data['errors'] = $errors;
}
else { //If not, process the form, and return true on success
$form_data['success'] = true;
$form_data['posted'] = 'Data Was Posted Successfully';
}
//Return the data back to form.php
echo json_encode($form_data);
项目文件可以从http://projects.decodingweb.com/simple_ajax_form.zip下载。
其他回答
HTML:
<form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" class="inputs" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" onclick="submitform(); return false;" />
</form>
JavaScript:
function submitform()
{
var inputs = document.getElementsByClassName("inputs");
var formdata = new FormData();
for(var i=0; i<inputs.length; i++)
{
formdata.append(inputs[i].name, inputs[i].value);
}
var xmlhttp;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest;
}
else
{
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function()
{
if(xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200)
{
}
}
xmlhttp.open("POST", "insert.php");
xmlhttp.send(formdata);
}
我想分享一个详细的方法，如何张贴与PHP + Ajax以及错误抛出返回失败。
首先，创建两个文件，例如form.php和process.php。
我们将首先创建一个表单，然后使用jQuery .ajax()方法提交。其余的将在评论中解释。
form.php
<form method="post" name="postForm">
<ul>
<li>
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" id="name" placeholder="Bruce Wayne">
<span class="throw_error"></span>
<span id="success"></span>
</li>
</ul>
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
使用jQuery客户端验证表单并将数据传递给process.php。
$(document).ready(function() {
$('form').submit(function(event) { //Trigger on form submit
$('#name + .throw_error').empty(); //Clear the messages first
$('#success').empty();
//Validate fields if required using jQuery
var postForm = { //Fetch form data
'name' : $('input[name=name]').val() //Store name fields value
};
$.ajax({ //Process the form using $.ajax()
type : 'POST', //Method type
url : 'process.php', //Your form processing file URL
data : postForm, //Forms name
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
if (!data.success) { //If fails
if (data.errors.name) { //Returned if any error from process.php
$('.throw_error').fadeIn(1000).html(data.errors.name); //Throw relevant error
}
}
else {
$('#success').fadeIn(1000).append('<p>' + data.posted + '</p>'); //If successful, than throw a success message
}
}
});
event.preventDefault(); //Prevent the default submit
});
});
现在我们来看看process.php
$errors = array(); //To store errors
$form_data = array(); //Pass back the data to `form.php`
/* Validate the form on the server side */
if (empty($_POST['name'])) { //Name cannot be empty
$errors['name'] = 'Name cannot be blank';
}
if (!empty($errors)) { //If errors in validation
$form_data['success'] = false;
$form_data['errors'] = $errors;
}
else { //If not, process the form, and return true on success
$form_data['success'] = true;
$form_data['posted'] = 'Data Was Posted Successfully';
}
//Return the data back to form.php
echo json_encode($form_data);
项目文件可以从http://projects.decodingweb.com/simple_ajax_form.zip下载。
这是一篇非常好的文章，包含了关于jQuery表单提交你需要知道的一切。
文章摘要:
简单HTML表单提交
HTML:
<form action="path/to/server/script" method="post" id="my_form">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" />
<label>Website</label>
<input type="url" name="website" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Form" />
<div id="server-results"><!-- For server results --></div>
</form>
JavaScript:
$("#my_form").submit(function(event){
event.preventDefault(); // Prevent default action
var post_url = $(this).attr("action"); // Get the form action URL
var request_method = $(this).attr("method"); // Get form GET/POST method
var form_data = $(this).serialize(); // Encode form elements for submission
$.ajax({
url : post_url,
type: request_method,
data : form_data
}).done(function(response){ //
$("#server-results").html(response);
});
});
HTML Multipart/ Form -data表单提交
要将文件上传到服务器，我们可以使用XMLHttpRequest2提供的FormData接口，该接口构造一个FormData对象，可以使用jQuery Ajax轻松地将其发送到服务器。
HTML:
<form action="path/to/server/script" method="post" id="my_form">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" />
<label>Website</label>
<input type="url" name="website" />
<input type="file" name="my_file[]" /> <!-- File Field Added -->
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Form" />
<div id="server-results"><!-- For server results --></div>
</form>
JavaScript:
$("#my_form").submit(function(event){
event.preventDefault(); // Prevent default action
var post_url = $(this).attr("action"); // Get form action URL
var request_method = $(this).attr("method"); // Get form GET/POST method
var form_data = new FormData(this); // Creates new FormData object
$.ajax({
url : post_url,
type: request_method,
data : form_data,
contentType: false,
cache: false,
processData: false
}).done(function(response){ //
$("#server-results").html(response);
});
});
我希望这能有所帮助。
ajax的基本用法是这样的:
HTML:
<form id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
jQuery:
// Variable to hold request
var request;
// Bind to the submit event of our form
$("#foo").submit(function(event){
// Prevent default posting of form - put here to work in case of errors
event.preventDefault();
// Abort any pending request
if (request) {
request.abort();
}
// setup some local variables
var $form = $(this);
// Let's select and cache all the fields
var $inputs = $form.find("input, select, button, textarea");
// Serialize the data in the form
var serializedData = $form.serialize();
// Let's disable the inputs for the duration of the Ajax request.
// Note: we disable elements AFTER the form data has been serialized.
// Disabled form elements will not be serialized.
$inputs.prop("disabled", true);
// Fire off the request to /form.php
request = $.ajax({
url: "/form.php",
type: "post",
data: serializedData
});
// Callback handler that will be called on success
request.done(function (response, textStatus, jqXHR){
// Log a message to the console
console.log("Hooray, it worked!");
});
// Callback handler that will be called on failure
request.fail(function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
// Log the error to the console
console.error(
"The following error occurred: "+
textStatus, errorThrown
);
});
// Callback handler that will be called regardless
// if the request failed or succeeded
request.always(function () {
// Reenable the inputs
$inputs.prop("disabled", false);
});
});
注意:从jQuery 1.8开始，.success()， .error()和.complete()已被弃用，取而代之的是.done()， .fail()和.always()。
注意:请记住，上面的代码段必须在DOM ready之后完成，因此应该将其放在$(document).ready()处理程序中(或使用$()简写)。
提示:你可以像这样链接回调处理程序:$.ajax().done().fail().always();
PHP(即form.php):
// You can access the values posted by jQuery.ajax
// through the global variable $_POST, like this:
$bar = isset($_POST['bar']) ? $_POST['bar'] : null;
注意:总是消毒发布的数据，以防止注入和其他恶意代码。
你也可以在上面的JavaScript代码中使用。post来代替。ajax:
$.post('/form.php', serializedData, function(response) {
// Log the response to the console
console.log("Response: "+response);
});
注意:上面的JavaScript代码适用于jQuery 1.8及更高版本，但它应该适用于jQuery 1.5之前的版本。
在提交前和提交成功后处理Ajax错误和加载器显示了一个警报引导框的示例:
var formData = formData;
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: url,
async: false,
data: formData, // Only input
processData: false,
contentType: false,
xhr: function ()
{
$("#load_consulting").show();
var xhr = new window.XMLHttpRequest();
// Upload progress
xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) {
if (evt.lengthComputable) {
var percentComplete = (evt.loaded / evt.total) * 100;
$('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', percentComplete + '%');
}
}, false);
// Download progress
xhr.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) {
if (evt.lengthComputable) {
var percentComplete = evt.loaded / evt.total;
}
}, false);
return xhr;
},
beforeSend: function (xhr) {
qyuraLoader.startLoader();
},
success: function (response, textStatus, jqXHR) {
qyuraLoader.stopLoader();
try {
$("#load_consulting").hide();
var data = $.parseJSON(response);
if (data.status == 0)
{
if (data.isAlive)
{
$('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', '00%');
console.log(data.errors);
$.each(data.errors, function (index, value) {
if (typeof data.custom == 'undefined') {
$('#err_' + index).html(value);
}
else
{
$('#err_' + index).addClass('error');
if (index == 'TopError')
{
$('#er_' + index).html(value);
}
else {
$('#er_TopError').append('<p>' + value + '</p>');
}
}
});
if (data.errors.TopError) {
$('#er_TopError').show();
$('#er_TopError').html(data.errors.TopError);
setTimeout(function () {
$('#er_TopError').hide(5000);
$('#er_TopError').html('');
}, 5000);
}
}
else
{
$('#headLogin').html(data.loginMod);
}
} else {
//document.getElementById("setData").reset();
$('#myModal').modal('hide');
$('#successTop').show();
$('#successTop').html(data.msg);
if (data.msg != '' && data.msg != "undefined") {
bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: data.msg, callback: function () {
if (data.url) {
window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url;
} else {
location.reload(true);
}
}});
} else {
bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: "Success", callback: function () {
if (data.url) {
window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url;
} else {
location.reload(true);
}
}});
}
}
}
catch (e) {
if (e) {
$('#er_TopError').show();
$('#er_TopError').html(e);
setTimeout(function () {
$('#er_TopError').hide(5000);
$('#er_TopError').html('');
}, 5000);
}
}
}
});
