我试图将数据从表单发送到数据库。这是我使用的形式:
<form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
典型的方法是提交表单，但这会导致浏览器重定向。使用jQuery和Ajax，是否有可能捕获所有表单的数据并将其提交给PHP脚本(例如，form. PHP)?
ajax的基本用法是这样的:
HTML:
<form id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
jQuery:
// Variable to hold request
var request;
// Bind to the submit event of our form
$("#foo").submit(function(event){
// Prevent default posting of form - put here to work in case of errors
event.preventDefault();
// Abort any pending request
if (request) {
request.abort();
}
// setup some local variables
var $form = $(this);
// Let's select and cache all the fields
var $inputs = $form.find("input, select, button, textarea");
// Serialize the data in the form
var serializedData = $form.serialize();
// Let's disable the inputs for the duration of the Ajax request.
// Note: we disable elements AFTER the form data has been serialized.
// Disabled form elements will not be serialized.
$inputs.prop("disabled", true);
// Fire off the request to /form.php
request = $.ajax({
url: "/form.php",
type: "post",
data: serializedData
});
// Callback handler that will be called on success
request.done(function (response, textStatus, jqXHR){
// Log a message to the console
console.log("Hooray, it worked!");
});
// Callback handler that will be called on failure
request.fail(function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
// Log the error to the console
console.error(
"The following error occurred: "+
textStatus, errorThrown
);
});
// Callback handler that will be called regardless
// if the request failed or succeeded
request.always(function () {
// Reenable the inputs
$inputs.prop("disabled", false);
});
});
注意:从jQuery 1.8开始，.success()， .error()和.complete()已被弃用，取而代之的是.done()， .fail()和.always()。
注意:请记住，上面的代码段必须在DOM ready之后完成，因此应该将其放在$(document).ready()处理程序中(或使用$()简写)。
提示:你可以像这样链接回调处理程序:$.ajax().done().fail().always();
PHP(即form.php):
// You can access the values posted by jQuery.ajax
// through the global variable $_POST, like this:
$bar = isset($_POST['bar']) ? $_POST['bar'] : null;
注意:总是消毒发布的数据，以防止注入和其他恶意代码。
你也可以在上面的JavaScript代码中使用。post来代替。ajax:
$.post('/form.php', serializedData, function(response) {
// Log the response to the console
console.log("Response: "+response);
});
注意:上面的JavaScript代码适用于jQuery 1.8及更高版本，但它应该适用于jQuery 1.5之前的版本。
要使用jQuery发出Ajax请求，可以通过以下代码实现。
HTML:
<form id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
<!-- The result of the search will be rendered inside this div -->
<div id="result"></div>
JavaScript:
方法1
/* Get from elements values */
var values = $(this).serialize();
$.ajax({
url: "test.php",
type: "post",
data: values ,
success: function (response) {
// You will get response from your PHP page (what you echo or print)
},
error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
console.log(textStatus, errorThrown);
}
});
方法2
/* Attach a submit handler to the form */
$("#foo").submit(function(event) {
var ajaxRequest;
/* Stop form from submitting normally */
event.preventDefault();
/* Clear result div*/
$("#result").html('');
/* Get from elements values */
var values = $(this).serialize();
/* Send the data using post and put the results in a div. */
/* I am not aborting the previous request, because it's an
asynchronous request, meaning once it's sent it's out
there. But in case you want to abort it you can do it
by abort(). jQuery Ajax methods return an XMLHttpRequest
object, so you can just use abort(). */
ajaxRequest= $.ajax({
url: "test.php",
type: "post",
data: values
});
/* Request can be aborted by ajaxRequest.abort() */
ajaxRequest.done(function (response, textStatus, jqXHR){
// Show successfully for submit message
$("#result").html('Submitted successfully');
});
/* On failure of request this function will be called */
ajaxRequest.fail(function (){
// Show error
$("#result").html('There is error while submit');
});
从jQuery 1.8开始，.success()、.error()和.complete()回调函数已弃用。要为最终删除它们做好准备，请使用.done()、.fail()和.always()来代替。
MDN: abort()。如果请求已经发送，此方法将中止请求。
我们已经成功地发送了一个Ajax请求，现在是时候向服务器抓取数据了。
PHP
当我们在Ajax调用中发出POST请求(类型:" POST ")时，我们现在可以使用$_REQUEST或$_POST获取数据:
$bar = $_POST['bar']
您还可以通过以下两种方式查看您在POST请求中获得了什么。顺便说一句，确保设置了$_POST。否则您将得到一个错误。
var_dump($_POST);
// Or
print_r($_POST);
您正在向数据库中插入一个值。确保在执行查询之前正确地敏感或转义了所有请求(无论是GET还是POST)。最好的方法是使用准备好的语句。
如果你想将任何数据返回到页面，你可以通过如下所示的回显数据来实现。
// 1. Without JSON
echo "Hello, this is one"
// 2. By JSON. Then here is where I want to send a value back to the success of the Ajax below
echo json_encode(array('returned_val' => 'yoho'));
然后你可以得到:
ajaxRequest.done(function (response){
alert(response);
});
有几种简便的方法。您可以使用下面的代码。它做同样的功。
var ajaxRequest= $.post("test.php", values, function(data) {
alert(data);
})
.fail(function() {
alert("error");
})
.always(function() {
alert("finished");
});
你可以使用serialize。下面是一个例子。
$("#submit_btn").click(function(){
$('.error_status').html();
if($("form#frm_message_board").valid())
{
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "<?php echo site_url('message_board/add');?>",
data: $('#frm_message_board').serialize(),
success: function(msg) {
var msg = $.parseJSON(msg);
if(msg.success=='yes')
{
return true;
}
else
{
alert('Server error');
return false;
}
}
});
}
return false;
});
我想分享一个详细的方法，如何张贴与PHP + Ajax以及错误抛出返回失败。
首先，创建两个文件，例如form.php和process.php。
我们将首先创建一个表单，然后使用jQuery .ajax()方法提交。其余的将在评论中解释。
form.php
<form method="post" name="postForm">
<ul>
<li>
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" id="name" placeholder="Bruce Wayne">
<span class="throw_error"></span>
<span id="success"></span>
</li>
</ul>
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
</form>
使用jQuery客户端验证表单并将数据传递给process.php。
$(document).ready(function() {
$('form').submit(function(event) { //Trigger on form submit
$('#name + .throw_error').empty(); //Clear the messages first
$('#success').empty();
//Validate fields if required using jQuery
var postForm = { //Fetch form data
'name' : $('input[name=name]').val() //Store name fields value
};
$.ajax({ //Process the form using $.ajax()
type : 'POST', //Method type
url : 'process.php', //Your form processing file URL
data : postForm, //Forms name
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
if (!data.success) { //If fails
if (data.errors.name) { //Returned if any error from process.php
$('.throw_error').fadeIn(1000).html(data.errors.name); //Throw relevant error
}
}
else {
$('#success').fadeIn(1000).append('<p>' + data.posted + '</p>'); //If successful, than throw a success message
}
}
});
event.preventDefault(); //Prevent the default submit
});
});
现在我们来看看process.php
$errors = array(); //To store errors
$form_data = array(); //Pass back the data to `form.php`
/* Validate the form on the server side */
if (empty($_POST['name'])) { //Name cannot be empty
$errors['name'] = 'Name cannot be blank';
}
if (!empty($errors)) { //If errors in validation
$form_data['success'] = false;
$form_data['errors'] = $errors;
}
else { //If not, process the form, and return true on success
$form_data['success'] = true;
$form_data['posted'] = 'Data Was Posted Successfully';
}
//Return the data back to form.php
echo json_encode($form_data);
项目文件可以从http://projects.decodingweb.com/simple_ajax_form.zip下载。
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.2.js"></script>
<form method="post" id="form_content" action="Javascript:void(0);">
<button id="desc" name="desc" value="desc" style="display:none;">desc</button>
<button id="asc" name="asc" value="asc">asc</button>
<input type='hidden' id='check' value=''/>
</form>
<div id="demoajax"></div>
<script>
numbers = '';
$('#form_content button').click(function(){
$('#form_content button').toggle();
numbers = this.id;
function_two(numbers);
});
function function_two(numbers){
if (numbers === '')
{
$('#check').val("asc");
}
else
{
$('#check').val(numbers);
}
//alert(sort_var);
$.ajax({
url: 'test.php',
type: 'POST',
data: $('#form_content').serialize(),
success: function(data){
$('#demoajax').show();
$('#demoajax').html(data);
}
});
return false;
}
$(document).ready(function_two());
</script>
HTML:
<form name="foo" action="form.php" method="POST" id="foo">
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" class="inputs" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" onclick="submitform(); return false;" />
</form>
JavaScript:
function submitform()
{
var inputs = document.getElementsByClassName("inputs");
var formdata = new FormData();
for(var i=0; i<inputs.length; i++)
{
formdata.append(inputs[i].name, inputs[i].value);
}
var xmlhttp;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest;
}
else
{
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function()
{
if(xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200)
{
}
}
xmlhttp.open("POST", "insert.php");
xmlhttp.send(formdata);
}
我使用如下所示的方法。它像文件一样提交所有东西。
$(document).on("submit", "form", function(event)
{
event.preventDefault();
var url = $(this).attr("action");
$.ajax({
url: url,
type: 'POST',
dataType: "JSON",
data: new FormData(this),
processData: false,
contentType: false,
success: function (data, status)
{
},
error: function (xhr, desc, err)
{
console.log("error");
}
});
});
我使用这个简单的一行代码多年没有问题(它需要jQuery):
<script src="http://malsup.github.com/jquery.form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ap(x,y) {$("#" + y).load(x);};
function af(x,y) {$("#" + x ).ajaxSubmit({target: '#' + y});return false;};
</script>
这里ap()表示Ajax页面，af()表示Ajax表单。在表单中，只需调用af()函数即可将表单发送到URL，并在所需的HTML元素上加载响应。
<form id="form_id">
...
<input type="button" onclick="af('form_id','load_response_id')"/>
</form>
<div id="load_response_id">this is where response will be loaded</div>
在提交前和提交成功后处理Ajax错误和加载器显示了一个警报引导框的示例:
var formData = formData;
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: url,
async: false,
data: formData, // Only input
processData: false,
contentType: false,
xhr: function ()
{
$("#load_consulting").show();
var xhr = new window.XMLHttpRequest();
// Upload progress
xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) {
if (evt.lengthComputable) {
var percentComplete = (evt.loaded / evt.total) * 100;
$('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', percentComplete + '%');
}
}, false);
// Download progress
xhr.addEventListener("progress", function (evt) {
if (evt.lengthComputable) {
var percentComplete = evt.loaded / evt.total;
}
}, false);
return xhr;
},
beforeSend: function (xhr) {
qyuraLoader.startLoader();
},
success: function (response, textStatus, jqXHR) {
qyuraLoader.stopLoader();
try {
$("#load_consulting").hide();
var data = $.parseJSON(response);
if (data.status == 0)
{
if (data.isAlive)
{
$('#addLoad .progress-bar').css('width', '00%');
console.log(data.errors);
$.each(data.errors, function (index, value) {
if (typeof data.custom == 'undefined') {
$('#err_' + index).html(value);
}
else
{
$('#err_' + index).addClass('error');
if (index == 'TopError')
{
$('#er_' + index).html(value);
}
else {
$('#er_TopError').append('<p>' + value + '</p>');
}
}
});
if (data.errors.TopError) {
$('#er_TopError').show();
$('#er_TopError').html(data.errors.TopError);
setTimeout(function () {
$('#er_TopError').hide(5000);
$('#er_TopError').html('');
}, 5000);
}
}
else
{
$('#headLogin').html(data.loginMod);
}
} else {
//document.getElementById("setData").reset();
$('#myModal').modal('hide');
$('#successTop').show();
$('#successTop').html(data.msg);
if (data.msg != '' && data.msg != "undefined") {
bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: data.msg, callback: function () {
if (data.url) {
window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url;
} else {
location.reload(true);
}
}});
} else {
bootbox.alert({closeButton: false, message: "Success", callback: function () {
if (data.url) {
window.location.href = '<?php echo site_url() ?>' + '/' + data.url;
} else {
location.reload(true);
}
}});
}
}
}
catch (e) {
if (e) {
$('#er_TopError').show();
$('#er_TopError').html(e);
setTimeout(function () {
$('#er_TopError').hide(5000);
$('#er_TopError').html('');
}, 5000);
}
}
}
});
如果你想用jQuery Ajax发送数据，那么就不需要表单标签和提交按钮
例子:
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#btnSend").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: 'process.php',
type: 'POST',
data: {bar: $("#bar").val()},
success: function (result) {
alert('success');
}
});
});
});
</script>
<label for="bar">A bar</label>
<input id="bar" name="bar" type="text" value="" />
<input id="btnSend" type="button" value="Send" />
请核对一下。它是完整的Ajax请求代码。
$('#foo').submit(function(event) {
// Get the form data
// There are many ways to get this data using jQuery (you
// can use the class or id also)
var formData = $('#foo').serialize();
var url = 'URL of the request';
// Process the form.
$.ajax({
type : 'POST', // Define the type of HTTP verb we want to use
url : 'url/', // The URL where we want to POST
data : formData, // Our data object
dataType : 'json', // What type of data do we expect back.
beforeSend : function() {
// This will run before sending an Ajax request.
// Do whatever activity you want, like show loaded.
},
success:function(response){
var obj = eval(response);
if(obj)
{
if(obj.error==0){
alert('success');
}
else{
alert('error');
}
}
},
complete : function() {
// This will run after sending an Ajax complete
},
error:function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError){
alert('error occured');
// If any error occurs in request
}
});
// Stop the form from submitting the normal way
// and refreshing the page
event.preventDefault();
});
这是一篇非常好的文章，包含了关于jQuery表单提交你需要知道的一切。
文章摘要:
简单HTML表单提交
HTML:
<form action="path/to/server/script" method="post" id="my_form">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" />
<label>Website</label>
<input type="url" name="website" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Form" />
<div id="server-results"><!-- For server results --></div>
</form>
JavaScript:
$("#my_form").submit(function(event){
event.preventDefault(); // Prevent default action
var post_url = $(this).attr("action"); // Get the form action URL
var request_method = $(this).attr("method"); // Get form GET/POST method
var form_data = $(this).serialize(); // Encode form elements for submission
$.ajax({
url : post_url,
type: request_method,
data : form_data
}).done(function(response){ //
$("#server-results").html(response);
});
});
HTML Multipart/ Form -data表单提交
要将文件上传到服务器，我们可以使用XMLHttpRequest2提供的FormData接口，该接口构造一个FormData对象，可以使用jQuery Ajax轻松地将其发送到服务器。
HTML:
<form action="path/to/server/script" method="post" id="my_form">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" />
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" />
<label>Website</label>
<input type="url" name="website" />
<input type="file" name="my_file[]" /> <!-- File Field Added -->
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Form" />
<div id="server-results"><!-- For server results --></div>
</form>
JavaScript:
$("#my_form").submit(function(event){
event.preventDefault(); // Prevent default action
var post_url = $(this).attr("action"); // Get form action URL
var request_method = $(this).attr("method"); // Get form GET/POST method
var form_data = new FormData(this); // Creates new FormData object
$.ajax({
url : post_url,
type: request_method,
data : form_data,
contentType: false,
cache: false,
processData: false
}).done(function(response){ //
$("#server-results").html(response);
});
});
我希望这能有所帮助。
自从引入了Fetch API，就没有理由再用jQuery Ajax或xmlhttprequest来实现了。要POST表单数据到php脚本在香草JavaScript你可以做以下:
异步函数postData() { 尝试{ Const res = await fetch('../php/contact.php'， { 方法:“文章”, new FormData(document.getElementById('form')) }) if (!res.ok)抛出新的错误('网络响应不正常'); } catch (err) { console.log (err) ｝ ｝ <form id="form" action="javascript:postData()" > <input id="name" name="name" placeholder=" name" type="text" required> <input type="submit" value=" submit" > > < /形式
下面是一个非常基本的php脚本示例，它获取数据并发送电子邮件:
<?php
header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
if (isset($_POST['name'])) {
$name = $_POST['name'];
}
$to = "test@example.com";
$subject = "New name submitted";
$body = "You received the following name: $name";
mail($to, $subject, $body);
在你的php文件中输入:
$content_raw = file_get_contents("php://input"); // THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED
$decoded_data = json_decode($content_raw, true); // THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED
$bar = $decoded_data['bar']; // THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED
$time = $decoded_data['time'];
$hash = $decoded_data['hash'];
echo "You have sent a POST request containing the bar variable with the value $bar";
在你的js文件中发送一个带有数据对象的ajax
var data = {
bar : 'bar value',
time: calculatedTimeStamp,
hash: calculatedHash,
uid: userID,
sid: sessionID,
iid: itemID
};
$.ajax({
method: 'POST',
crossDomain: true,
dataType: 'json',
crossOrigin: true,
async: true,
contentType: 'application/json',
data: data,
headers: {
'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': '*',
"Access-Control-Allow-Credentials": true,
"Access-Control-Allow-Headers" : "Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization",
"Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
"Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
"cache-control": "no-cache",
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
url: 'https://yoururl.com/somephpfile.php',
success: function(response){
console.log("Respond was: ", response);
},
error: function (request, status, error) {
console.log("There was an error: ", request.responseText);
}
})
或者保持表单提交的原样。只有当您希望发送带有计算附加内容的修改过的请求，而不仅仅是一些由客户机输入的表单数据时，才需要这种方法。例如哈希、时间戳、用户id、会话id等等。
纯JS
在纯JS中，这要简单得多
foo.onsubmit = e=> {
e.preventDefault();
fetch(foo.action,{method:'post', body: new FormData(foo)});
}
foo.onsubmit = e=> { e.preventDefault（）; fetch（foo.action，{method：'post'， body： new FormData（foo）}）; } <form name=“foo” action=“form.php” method=“POST” id=“foo”> <label for=“bar”>A bar</label> <输入 id=“bar” 名称=“bar” 类型=“文本” 值=“” /> <输入类型=“提交”值=“发送” /> </form>
我还有一个主意。
提供下载文件的PHP文件的URL。 然后你必须通过ajax触发相同的URL，我检查了这第二个请求只在你的第一个请求完成下载文件后才给出响应。所以你可以得到它的事件。
它正在通过ajax处理同样的第二个请求。
这是使用ajax在HTML中填充选择选项标签的代码，而XMLHttpRequest和API是用PHP和PDO编写的
conn.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "root";
$database = "db_event";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$database", $username, $password);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
category.php
<?php
include 'conn.php';
try {
$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("php://input"));
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM events ");
http_response_code(200);
$stmt->execute();
header('Content-Type: application/json');
$arr=[];
while($value=$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){
array_push($arr,$value);
}
echo json_encode($arr);
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
script.js
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
for (let i in data) {
$("#cars").append(
'<option value="' + data[i].category + '">' + data[i].category + '</option>'
)
}
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "http://127.0.0.1:8000/category.php", true);
xhttp.send();
index . html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"
integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<label for="cars">Choose a Category:</label>
<select name="option" id="option">
</select>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
