由于这个问题是基于假设的数据，这里有一个很好的例子，返回一个扩展Comparable接口的泛型。

public class MaximumTest {
    // find the max value using Comparable interface
    public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T maximum(T x, T y, T z) {
        T max = x; // assume that x is initially the largest

        if (y.compareTo(max) > 0){
            max = y; // y is the large now
        }
        if (z.compareTo(max) > 0){
            max = z; // z is the large now
        }
        return max; // returns the maximum value
    }    


    //testing with an ordinary main method
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        System.out.printf("Maximum of %d, %d and %d is %d\n\n", 3, 4, 5, maximum(3, 4, 5));
        System.out.printf("Maximum of %.1f, %.1f and %.1f is %.1f\n\n", 6.6, 8.8, 7.7, maximum(6.6, 8.8, 7.7));
        System.out.printf("Maximum of %s, %s and %s is %s\n", "strawberry", "apple", "orange",
                maximum("strawberry", "apple", "orange"));
    }
}

你在这里寻找的是抽象。多针对接口编写代码，就应该少做类型转换。

下面的例子是用c#编写的，但是概念是一样的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;

namespace GenericsTest
{
class MainClass
{
    public static void Main (string[] args)
    {
        _HasFriends jerry = new Mouse();
        jerry.AddFriend("spike", new Dog());
        jerry.AddFriend("quacker", new Duck());

        jerry.CallFriend<_Animal>("spike").Speak();
        jerry.CallFriend<_Animal>("quacker").Speak();
    }
}

interface _HasFriends
{
    void AddFriend(string name, _Animal animal);

    T CallFriend<T>(string name) where T : _Animal;
}

interface _Animal
{
    void Speak();
}

abstract class AnimalBase : _Animal, _HasFriends
{
    private Dictionary<string, _Animal> friends = new Dictionary<string, _Animal>();


    public abstract void Speak();

    public void AddFriend(string name, _Animal animal)
    {
        friends.Add(name, animal);
    }   

    public T CallFriend<T>(string name) where T : _Animal
    {
        return (T) friends[name];
    }
}

class Mouse : AnimalBase
{
    public override void Speak() { Squeek(); }

    private void Squeek()
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("Squeek! Squeek!");
    }
}

class Dog : AnimalBase
{
    public override void Speak() { Bark(); }

    private void Bark()
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("Woof!");
    }
}

class Duck : AnimalBase
{
    public override void Speak() { Quack(); }

    private void Quack()
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("Quack! Quack!");
    }
}
}

不可能的。如果只给一个String键，Map怎么知道它将得到Animal的哪个子类呢?

唯一可能的方法是每个Animal只接受一种类型的friend(那么它可以是Animal类的一个参数)，或者callFriend()方法获得了一个类型参数。但是，看起来您确实忽略了继承的要点:在独占地使用超类方法时，只能统一地对待子类。

是什么

public class Animal {
    private Map<String,<T extends Animal>> friends = new HashMap<String,<T extends Animal>>();

    public <T extends Animal> void addFriend(String name, T animal){
        friends.put(name,animal);
    }

    public <T extends Animal> T callFriend(String name){
        return friends.get(name);
    }
}

下面是一个简单的版本:

public <T> T callFriend(String name) {
    return (T) friends.get(name); //Casting to T not needed in this case but its a good practice to do
}

完全工作的代码:

    public class Test {
        public static class Animal {
            private Map<String,Animal> friends = new HashMap<>();

            public void addFriend(String name, Animal animal){
                friends.put(name,animal);
            }

            public <T> T callFriend(String name){
                return (T) friends.get(name);
            }
        }

        public static class Dog extends Animal {

            public void bark() {
                System.out.println("i am dog");
            }
        }

        public static class Duck extends Animal {

            public void quack() {
                System.out.println("i am duck");
            }
        }

        public static void main(String [] args) {
            Animal animals = new Animal();
            animals.addFriend("dog", new Dog());
            animals.addFriend("duck", new Duck());

            Dog dog = animals.callFriend("dog");
            dog.bark();

            Duck duck = animals.callFriend("duck");
            duck.quack();

        }
    }

我已经写了一篇文章，其中包含了概念的证明、支持类和一个测试类，它演示了类如何在运行时检索Super Type令牌。 简而言之，它允许您根据调用者传递的实际泛型参数委托其他实现。例子:

TimeSeries<Double>委托给使用Double[]的私有内部类 TimeSeries<OHLC>委托给一个私有内部类，该类使用ArrayList<OHLC>

See:

使用TypeTokens检索通用参数(web存档) 使用TypeTokens检索泛型参数(blog)

谢谢

Richard Gomes -博客