一致性——当我们发送读请求时，如果它正在返回结果，它应该返回客户端请求给出的最近的写。 可用性—您的读/写请求应该总是成功的。 分区容忍度——当网络分区(某些机器相互通信的问题)发生时，系统仍然可以工作。

在分布式环境中，存在网络分区发生的可能性，我们无法避免CAP的“P”。因此，我们在“一致性”和“可用性”之间进行选择。

http://bigdatadose.com/understanding-cap-theorem/

Brewer's keynote, the Gilbert paper, and many other treatments, places C, A and P on an equal footing as desirable properties of an implementation and effectively say 'choose two!'. However, this is often considered to be a misleading presentation, since you cannot build - or choose! - 'partition tolerance': your system either might experience partitions or it won't. CAP is better understood as describing the tradeoffs you have to make when you are building a system that may suffer partitions. In practice, this is every distributed system: there is no 100% reliable network. So (at least in the distributed context) there is no realistic CA system. You will potentially suffer partitions, therefore you must at some point compromise C or A.

https://github.com/henryr/cap-faq#10-why-do-some-people-get-annoyed-when-i-characterise-my-system-as-ca

根据上图C是断开的，但A,B, D可以继续工作。现在我们可以调用系统部分工作(分区容忍)。

假设一个特定的事务只需要a、B和d，系统可以执行它而不会产生任何不一致。

但是当C必须参与一个特定的事务时，系统可以以两种方式执行。

1.由于C不可用，A可以拒绝用户请求。

So the system has Partition-Tolerance and consistency (P,C).
But no availability, because of the rejection.

2.A可以将C接收到的消息保存在A的本地内存中，并在C连接回来时传输。

So the system has Partition-Tolerance and availability (P,A).
But no consistency.because C has not updated.

一致性:

对于给定的客户端，读操作保证返回最近的写操作(如ACID)。如果在此期间有任何请求，则必须等待节点之间/节点内的数据同步完成。

可用性:

每个节点(如果没有失败)总是执行查询，并且应该总是响应请求。它是否返回最新的副本并不重要。

Partition-tolerance:

当发生网络分区时，系统将继续工作。

关于AP，可用性(始终可访问)可以与(Cassendra)或 没有(RDBMS)分区容忍

图片来源

一致性——当我们发送读请求时，如果它正在返回结果，它应该返回客户端请求给出的最近的写。 可用性—您的读/写请求应该总是成功的。 分区容忍度——当网络分区(某些机器相互通信的问题)发生时，系统仍然可以工作。

在分布式环境中，存在网络分区发生的可能性，我们无法避免CAP的“P”。因此，我们在“一致性”和“可用性”之间进行选择。

http://bigdatadose.com/understanding-cap-theorem/

理解CAP定理的简单方法:

In case of network partition, one needs to choose between perfect availability and perfect consistency. Picking consistency means not being able to answer a client's query as the system cannot guarantee to return the most recent write. This sacrifices availability. Picking availability means being able to respond to a client's request but the system cannot guarantee consistency, i.e., the most recent value written. Available systems provide the best possible answer under the given circumstance.

这个解释来自这篇优秀的文章。希望能有所帮助。