我将提出一个建议，这并不完全是最初的问题所要求的，但对于那些还想特别替换匹配的第二次出现，或任何其他特别枚举的正则表达式匹配的人来说。使用python脚本和for循环，如果需要从bash脚本调用它。这是它看起来像我，在我替换特定行包含字符串-项目:

def replace_models(file_path, pixel_model, obj_model):
    # find your file --project matches
    pattern = re.compile(r'--project.*')
    new_file = ""
    with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
        match = 1
        for line in f:
            # Remove line ending before we do replacement
            line = line.strip()
            # replace first --project line match with pixel
            if match == 1:
                result = re.sub(pattern, "--project='" + pixel_model + "'", line)
            # replace second --project line match with object
            elif match == 2:
                result = re.sub(pattern, "--project='" + obj_model + "'", line)
            else:
                result = line
            # Check that a substitution was actually made
            if result is not line:
                # Add a backslash to the replaced line
                result += " \\"
                print("\nReplaced ", line, " with ", result)
                # Increment number of matches found
                match += 1
            # Add the potentially modified line to our new file
            new_file = new_file + result + "\n"
        # close file / save output
        f.close()
    fout = open(file_path, "w")
    fout.write(new_file)
    fout.close()

使用FreeBSD ed，避免ed在文件中没有include语句时出现“no match”错误:

teststr='
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
'

# using FreeBSD ed
# to avoid ed's "no match" error, see
# *emphasized text*http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/11917 
cat <<-'EOF' | sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ *$//' | ed -s <(echo "$teststr")
   H
   ,g/# *include/u\
   u\
   i\
   #include "newfile.h"\
   .
   ,p
   q
EOF

这里可能的解决方案是告诉编译器包含头文件，而不在源文件中提到它。在GCC中有这些选项:

   -include file
       Process file as if "#include "file"" appeared as the first line of
       the primary source file.  However, the first directory searched for
       file is the preprocessor's working directory instead of the
       directory containing the main source file.  If not found there, it
       is searched for in the remainder of the "#include "..."" search
       chain as normal.

       If multiple -include options are given, the files are included in
       the order they appear on the command line.

   -imacros file
       Exactly like -include, except that any output produced by scanning
       file is thrown away.  Macros it defines remain defined.  This
       allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
       processing its declarations.

       All files specified by -imacros are processed before all files
       specified by -include.

微软的编译器有/FI(强制包含)选项。

这个特性对于一些常见的头文件来说很方便，比如平台配置。Linux内核的Makefile为此使用-include。

下面的命令删除文件中字符串的第一次出现。它还删除了空行。它显示在xml文件上，但它可以用于任何文件。

如果您使用xml文件并且想要删除一个标记，则非常有用。在本例中，它删除了第一次出现的“isTag”标记。

命令:

sed -e 0,/'<isTag>false<\/isTag>'/{s/'<isTag>false<\/isTag>'//}  -e 's/ *$//' -e  '/^$/d'  source.txt > output.txt

源文件:Source .txt

<xml>
    <testdata>
        <canUseUpdate>true</canUseUpdate>
        <isTag>false</isTag>
        <moduleLocations>
            <module>esa_jee6</module>
            <isTag>false</isTag>
        </moduleLocations>
        <node>
            <isTag>false</isTag>
        </node>
    </testdata>
</xml>

结果文件(output.txt)

<xml>
    <testdata>
        <canUseUpdate>true</canUseUpdate>
        <moduleLocations>
            <module>esa_jee6</module>
            <isTag>false</isTag>
        </moduleLocations>
        <node>
            <isTag>false</isTag>
        </node>
    </testdata>
</xml>

ps:它在Solaris SunOS 5.10(相当旧)上不能工作，但在Linux 2.6 sed版本4.1.5上可以工作

没什么新内容，只是可能有一些更具体的答案:sed -rn '0，/foo(bar)。* / % % \ 1% p '

示例:xwininfo -name unit -launcher输出如下:

xwininfo: Window id: 0x2200003 "unity-launcher"

  Absolute upper-left X:  -2980
  Absolute upper-left Y:  -198
  Relative upper-left X:  0
  Relative upper-left Y:  0
  Width: 2880
  Height: 98
  Depth: 24
  Visual: 0x21
  Visual Class: TrueColor
  Border width: 0
  Class: InputOutput
  Colormap: 0x20 (installed)
  Bit Gravity State: ForgetGravity
  Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity
  Backing Store State: NotUseful
  Save Under State: no
  Map State: IsViewable
  Override Redirect State: no
  Corners:  +-2980+-198  -2980+-198  -2980-1900  +-2980-1900
  -geometry 2880x98+-2980+-198

使用xwininfo -name unit -launcher|sed -rn '0提取窗口ID，/^xwininfo:窗口ID: (0x[0-9a- fa -f]+)。*/ s%%\1%p'产生:

0x2200003

只需要在最后加上出现的次数:

sed s/#include/#include "newfile.h"\n#include/1