所有这些答案都忽略了一个重要的区别。update()用于(重新)将对象图附加到Session。你传递给它的对象是被管理的对象。

merge() is actually not a (re)attachment API. Notice merge() has a return value? That's because it returns you the managed graph, which may not be the graph you passed it. merge() is a JPA API and its behavior is governed by the JPA spec. If the object you pass in to merge() is already managed (already associated with the Session) then that's the graph Hibernate works with; the object passed in is the same object returned from merge(). If, however, the object you pass into merge() is detached, Hibernate creates a new object graph that is managed and it copies the state from your detached graph onto the new managed graph. Again, this is all dictated and governed by the JPA spec.

就“确保该实体受到管理，或者使其受到管理”的通用策略而言，这在某种程度上取决于您是否还想考虑尚未插入的数据。假设你这样做，使用一些类似

if ( session.contains( myEntity ) ) {
    // nothing to do... myEntity is already associated with the session
}
else {
    session.saveOrUpdate( myEntity );
}

注意，我使用的是saveOrUpdate()而不是update()。如果您不想在这里处理尚未插入的数据，请使用update()来代替…

try getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate()

所有这些答案都忽略了一个重要的区别。update()用于(重新)将对象图附加到Session。你传递给它的对象是被管理的对象。

merge() is actually not a (re)attachment API. Notice merge() has a return value? That's because it returns you the managed graph, which may not be the graph you passed it. merge() is a JPA API and its behavior is governed by the JPA spec. If the object you pass in to merge() is already managed (already associated with the Session) then that's the graph Hibernate works with; the object passed in is the same object returned from merge(). If, however, the object you pass into merge() is detached, Hibernate creates a new object graph that is managed and it copies the state from your detached graph onto the new managed graph. Again, this is all dictated and governed by the JPA spec.

就“确保该实体受到管理，或者使其受到管理”的通用策略而言，这在某种程度上取决于您是否还想考虑尚未插入的数据。假设你这样做，使用一些类似

if ( session.contains( myEntity ) ) {
    // nothing to do... myEntity is already associated with the session
}
else {
    session.saveOrUpdate( myEntity );
}

注意，我使用的是saveOrUpdate()而不是update()。如果您不想在这里处理尚未插入的数据，请使用update()来代替…

我这样做在c#与NHibernate，但它应该在Java中以同样的方式工作:

public virtual void Attach()
{
    if (!HibernateSessionManager.Instance.GetSession().Contains(this))
    {
        ISession session = HibernateSessionManager.Instance.GetSession();
        using (ITransaction t = session.BeginTransaction())
        {
            session.Lock(this, NHibernate.LockMode.None);
            t.Commit();
        }
    }
}

对每个对象都调用First Lock，因为Contains总是false。问题是NHibernate通过数据库id和类型来比较对象。Contains使用equals方法，如果没有被覆盖，则通过引用进行比较。使用equals方法，它可以在没有任何异常的情况下工作:

public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
    if (this == obj) { 
        return true;
    } 
    if (GetType() != obj.GetType()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (Id != ((BaseObject)obj).Id)
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

对不起，似乎不能添加评论(还?)。

使用Hibernate 3.5.0-Final

尽管已经弃用了session# lock方法，但javadoc建议使用session# buildLockRequest(LockOptions)#lock(entity)，如果您确保您的关联具有cascade=lock，惰性加载也不是问题。

我的attach方法看起来有点像

MyEntity attach(MyEntity entity) {
    if(getSession().contains(entity)) return entity;
    getSession().buildLockRequest(LockOptions.NONE).lock(entity);
    return entity;

初步测试表明它很有效。

会话。contains(Object obj)检查引用，不会检测到表示同一行且已经附加到该引用的不同实例。

这里是带有标识符属性的实体的通用解决方案。

public static void update(final Session session, final Object entity)
{
    // if the given instance is in session, nothing to do
    if (session.contains(entity))
        return;

    // check if there is already a different attached instance representing the same row
    final ClassMetadata classMetadata = session.getSessionFactory().getClassMetadata(entity.getClass());
    final Serializable identifier = classMetadata.getIdentifier(entity, (SessionImplementor) session);

    final Object sessionEntity = session.load(entity.getClass(), identifier);
    // override changes, last call to update wins
    if (sessionEntity != null)
        session.evict(sessionEntity);
    session.update(entity);
}

这是. net EntityFramework中我喜欢的几个方面之一，关于更改实体及其属性的不同附加选项。