如果你只有一个分隔符，你可以使用列表推导式:

text = 'foo,bar,baz,qux'  
sep = ','

附加/将分隔符:

result = [x+sep for x in text.split(sep)]
#['foo,', 'bar,', 'baz,', 'qux,']
# to get rid of trailing
result[-1] = result[-1].strip(sep)
#['foo,', 'bar,', 'baz,', 'qux']

result = [sep+x for x in text.split(sep)]
#[',foo', ',bar', ',baz', ',qux']
# to get rid of trailing
result[0] = result[0].strip(sep)
#['foo', ',bar', ',baz', ',qux']

分隔符作为它自己的元素:

result = [u for x in text.split(sep) for u in (x, sep)]
#['foo', ',', 'bar', ',', 'baz', ',', 'qux', ',']
results = result[:-1]   # to get rid of trailing

如果你只有一个分隔符，你可以使用列表推导式:

text = 'foo,bar,baz,qux'  
sep = ','

附加/将分隔符:

result = [x+sep for x in text.split(sep)]
#['foo,', 'bar,', 'baz,', 'qux,']
# to get rid of trailing
result[-1] = result[-1].strip(sep)
#['foo,', 'bar,', 'baz,', 'qux']

result = [sep+x for x in text.split(sep)]
#[',foo', ',bar', ',baz', ',qux']
# to get rid of trailing
result[0] = result[0].strip(sep)
#['foo', ',bar', ',baz', ',qux']

分隔符作为它自己的元素:

result = [u for x in text.split(sep) for u in (x, sep)]
#['foo', ',', 'bar', ',', 'baz', ',', 'qux', ',']
results = result[:-1]   # to get rid of trailing

在下面的代码中，对这个问题有一个简单、高效且经过测试的答案。代码中有解释其中所有内容的注释。

我保证它并不像看起来那么可怕——它实际上只有13行代码!其余的都是注释、文档和断言

def split_including_delimiters(input: str, delimiter: str):
    """
    Splits an input string, while including the delimiters in the output
    
    Unlike str.split, we can use an empty string as a delimiter
    Unlike str.split, the output will not have any extra empty strings
    Conequently, len(''.split(delimiter))== 0 for all delimiters,
       whereas len(input.split(delimiter))>0 for all inputs and delimiters
    
    INPUTS:
        input: Can be any string
        delimiter: Can be any string

    EXAMPLES:
         >>> split_and_keep_delimiter('Hello World  ! ',' ')
        ans = ['Hello ', 'World ', ' ', '! ', ' ']
         >>> split_and_keep_delimiter("Hello**World**!***", "**")
        ans = ['Hello', '**', 'World', '**', '!', '**', '*']
    EXAMPLES:
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('-xx-xx-','xx') == ['-', 'xx', '-', 'xx', '-'] # length 5
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('xx-xx-' ,'xx') == ['xx', '-', 'xx', '-']      # length 4
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('-xx-xx' ,'xx') == ['-', 'xx', '-', 'xx']      # length 4
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('xx-xx'  ,'xx') == ['xx', '-', 'xx']           # length 3
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('xxxx'   ,'xx') == ['xx', 'xx']                # length 2
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('xxx'    ,'xx') == ['xx', 'x']                 # length 2
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('x'      ,'xx') == ['x']                       # length 1
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter(''       ,'xx') == []                          # length 0
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('aaa'    ,'xx') == ['aaa']                     # length 1
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('aa'     ,'xx') == ['aa']                      # length 1
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('a'      ,'xx') == ['a']                       # length 1
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter(''       ,''  ) == []                          # length 0
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('a'      ,''  ) == ['a']                       # length 1
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('aa'     ,''  ) == ['a', '', 'a']              # length 3
        assert split_and_keep_delimiter('aaa'    ,''  ) == ['a', '', 'a', '', 'a']     # length 5
    """

    # Input assertions
    assert isinstance(input,str), "input must be a string"
    assert isinstance(delimiter,str), "delimiter must be a string"

    if delimiter:
        # These tokens do not include the delimiter, but are computed quickly
        tokens = input.split(delimiter)
    else:
        # Edge case: if the delimiter is the empty string, split between the characters
        tokens = list(input)
        
    # The following assertions are always true for any string input and delimiter
    # For speed's sake, we disable this assertion
    # assert delimiter.join(tokens) == input

    output = tokens[:1]

    for token in tokens[1:]:
        output.append(delimiter)
        if token:
            output.append(token)
    
    # Don't let the first element be an empty string
    if output[:1]==['']:
        del output[0]
        
    # The only case where we should have an empty string in the output is if it is our delimiter
    # For speed's sake, we disable this assertion
    # assert delimiter=='' or '' not in output
        
    # The resulting strings should be combinable back into the original string
    # For speed's sake, we disable this assertion
    # assert ''.join(output) == input

    return output

>>> line = 'hello_toto_is_there'
>>> sep = '_'
>>> [sep + x[1] if x[0] != 0 else x[1] for x in enumerate(line.split(sep))]
['hello', '_toto', '_is', '_there']

如果你想拆分字符串，同时通过regex保留分隔符，而不捕获组:

def finditer_with_separators(regex, s):
    matches = []
    prev_end = 0
    for match in regex.finditer(s):
        match_start = match.start()
        if (prev_end != 0 or match_start > 0) and match_start != prev_end:
            matches.append(s[prev_end:match.start()])
        matches.append(match.group())
        prev_end = match.end()
    if prev_end < len(s):
        matches.append(s[prev_end:])
    return matches

regex = re.compile(r"[\(\)]")
matches = finditer_with_separators(regex, s)

如果假设regex被封装到捕获组中:

def split_with_separators(regex, s):
    matches = list(filter(None, regex.split(s)))
    return matches

regex = re.compile(r"([\(\)])")
matches = split_with_separators(regex, s)

这两种方法也将删除空组，在大多数情况下是无用和恼人的。

如果你在换行上分割，使用splitlines(True)。

>>> 'line 1\nline 2\nline without newline'.splitlines(True)
['line 1\n', 'line 2\n', 'line without newline']

(不是一个通用的解决方案，但在这里添加这个，以防有人来到这里没有意识到这个方法的存在。)