例外。消息只包含与异常关联的消息(doh)。例子:

对象引用未设置为对象的实例

exception . tostring()方法将提供一个更详细的输出，包含异常类型、消息(来自前面)、堆栈跟踪以及嵌套/内部异常的所有这些内容。更准确地说，该方法返回以下内容:

ToString returns a representation of the current exception that is intended to be understood by humans. Where the exception contains culture-sensitive data, the string representation returned by ToString is required to take into account the current system culture. Although there are no exact requirements for the format of the returned string, it should attempt to reflect the value of the object as perceived by the user. The default implementation of ToString obtains the name of the class that threw the current exception, the message, the result of calling ToString on the inner exception, and the result of calling Environment.StackTrace. If any of these members is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), its value is not included in the returned string. If there is no error message or if it is an empty string (""), then no error message is returned. The name of the inner exception and the stack trace are returned only if they are not a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).

理想情况下，最好序列化整个异常对象而不是. tostring()。这将封装整个异常对象(所有内部异常、消息、堆栈跟踪、数据、键等)。

这样您就可以确保没有遗漏任何内容。另外，您还拥有可以在任何应用程序中使用的通用格式的对象。

    public static void LogError(Exception exception, int userId)
    {
        LogToDB(Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(exception), userId);
    }

这取决于你需要的信息。对于调试堆栈跟踪和内部异常是有用的:

    string message =
        "Exception type " + ex.GetType() + Environment.NewLine +
        "Exception message: " + ex.Message + Environment.NewLine +
        "Stack trace: " + ex.StackTrace + Environment.NewLine;
    if (ex.InnerException != null)
    {
        message += "---BEGIN InnerException--- " + Environment.NewLine +
                   "Exception type " + ex.InnerException.GetType() + Environment.NewLine +
                   "Exception message: " + ex.InnerException.Message + Environment.NewLine +
                   "Stack trace: " + ex.InnerException.StackTrace + Environment.NewLine +
                   "---END Inner Exception";
    }

我得说这取决于你想从日志中看到什么，不是吗?如果你对ex.Message提供的功能感到满意，就使用它。否则，使用ex.toString()或甚至记录堆栈跟踪。

例外。消息只包含与异常关联的消息(doh)。例子:

对象引用未设置为对象的实例

exception . tostring()方法将提供一个更详细的输出，包含异常类型、消息(来自前面)、堆栈跟踪以及嵌套/内部异常的所有这些内容。更准确地说，该方法返回以下内容:

ToString returns a representation of the current exception that is intended to be understood by humans. Where the exception contains culture-sensitive data, the string representation returned by ToString is required to take into account the current system culture. Although there are no exact requirements for the format of the returned string, it should attempt to reflect the value of the object as perceived by the user. The default implementation of ToString obtains the name of the class that threw the current exception, the message, the result of calling ToString on the inner exception, and the result of calling Environment.StackTrace. If any of these members is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), its value is not included in the returned string. If there is no error message or if it is an empty string (""), then no error message is returned. The name of the inner exception and the stack trace are returned only if they are not a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).

将WHOLE异常转换为字符串

调用Exception. tostring()会提供比仅使用Exception更多的信息。消息属性。然而，即使这样，仍然遗漏了很多信息，包括:

在所有异常上找到的“数据收集”属性。 添加到异常中的任何其他自定义属性。

有时，您希望捕获这些额外的信息。下面的代码处理上述场景。它还以良好的顺序写出异常的属性。它使用的是c# 7，但如果有必要，你应该很容易转换到旧版本。参见相关的答案。

public static class ExceptionExtensions
{
    public static string ToDetailedString(this Exception exception) =>
        ToDetailedString(exception, ExceptionOptions.Default);

    public static string ToDetailedString(this Exception exception, ExceptionOptions options)
    {
        if (exception == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(exception));
        } 

        var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

        AppendValue(stringBuilder, "Type", exception.GetType().FullName, options);

        foreach (PropertyInfo property in exception
            .GetType()
            .GetProperties()
            .OrderByDescending(x => string.Equals(x.Name, nameof(exception.Message), StringComparison.Ordinal))
            .ThenByDescending(x => string.Equals(x.Name, nameof(exception.Source), StringComparison.Ordinal))
            .ThenBy(x => string.Equals(x.Name, nameof(exception.InnerException), StringComparison.Ordinal))
            .ThenBy(x => string.Equals(x.Name, nameof(AggregateException.InnerExceptions), StringComparison.Ordinal)))
        {
            var value = property.GetValue(exception, null);
            if (value == null && options.OmitNullProperties)
            {
                if (options.OmitNullProperties)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    value = string.Empty;
                }
            }

            AppendValue(stringBuilder, property.Name, value, options);
        }

        return stringBuilder.ToString().TrimEnd('\r', '\n');
    }

    private static void AppendCollection(
        StringBuilder stringBuilder,
        string propertyName,
        IEnumerable collection,
        ExceptionOptions options)
        {
            stringBuilder.AppendLine($"{options.Indent}{propertyName} =");

            var innerOptions = new ExceptionOptions(options, options.CurrentIndentLevel + 1);

            var i = 0;
            foreach (var item in collection)
            {
                var innerPropertyName = $"[{i}]";

                if (item is Exception)
                {
                    var innerException = (Exception)item;
                    AppendException(
                        stringBuilder,
                        innerPropertyName,
                        innerException,
                        innerOptions);
                }
                else
                {
                    AppendValue(
                        stringBuilder,
                        innerPropertyName,
                        item,
                        innerOptions);
                }

                ++i;
            }
        }

    private static void AppendException(
        StringBuilder stringBuilder,
        string propertyName,
        Exception exception,
        ExceptionOptions options)
    {
        var innerExceptionString = ToDetailedString(
            exception, 
            new ExceptionOptions(options, options.CurrentIndentLevel + 1));

        stringBuilder.AppendLine($"{options.Indent}{propertyName} =");
        stringBuilder.AppendLine(innerExceptionString);
    }

    private static string IndentString(string value, ExceptionOptions options)
    {
        return value.Replace(Environment.NewLine, Environment.NewLine + options.Indent);
    }

    private static void AppendValue(
        StringBuilder stringBuilder,
        string propertyName,
        object value,
        ExceptionOptions options)
    {
        if (value is DictionaryEntry)
        {
            DictionaryEntry dictionaryEntry = (DictionaryEntry)value;
            stringBuilder.AppendLine($"{options.Indent}{propertyName} = {dictionaryEntry.Key} : {dictionaryEntry.Value}");
        }
        else if (value is Exception)
        {
            var innerException = (Exception)value;
            AppendException(
                stringBuilder,
                propertyName,
                innerException,
                options);
        }
        else if (value is IEnumerable && !(value is string))
        {
            var collection = (IEnumerable)value;
            if (collection.GetEnumerator().MoveNext())
            {
                AppendCollection(
                    stringBuilder,
                    propertyName,
                    collection,
                    options);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            stringBuilder.AppendLine($"{options.Indent}{propertyName} = {value}");
        }
    }
}

public struct ExceptionOptions
{
    public static readonly ExceptionOptions Default = new ExceptionOptions()
    {
        CurrentIndentLevel = 0,
        IndentSpaces = 4,
        OmitNullProperties = true
    };

    internal ExceptionOptions(ExceptionOptions options, int currentIndent)
    {
        this.CurrentIndentLevel = currentIndent;
        this.IndentSpaces = options.IndentSpaces;
        this.OmitNullProperties = options.OmitNullProperties;
    }

    internal string Indent { get { return new string(' ', this.IndentSpaces * this.CurrentIndentLevel); } }

    internal int CurrentIndentLevel { get; set; }

    public int IndentSpaces { get; set; }

    public bool OmitNullProperties { get; set; }
}

提示-日志异常

大多数人将使用此代码进行日志记录。考虑在我的Serilog中使用Serilog。exception NuGet包，它也记录异常的所有属性，但在大多数情况下它更快且没有反射。Serilog是一个非常先进的日志记录框架，在撰写本文时非常流行。

提示-人类可读的堆栈跟踪

你可以用本。如果您正在使用Serilog，则可以使用Serilog -enrichers-demystify NuGet包来获取人类可读的异常堆栈跟踪。