cascadeType.MERGE,fetch= FetchType.LAZY

cascadeType.MERGE,fetch= FetchType.LAZY

不要将id(pk)传递给persist方法或尝试save()方法而不是persist()。

使用合并是有风险和棘手的，所以在您的情况下，这是一种肮脏的变通方法。您至少需要记住，当您将一个实体对象传递给merge时，它将停止附加到事务，而是返回一个新的、现在已附加的实体。这意味着如果任何人仍然拥有旧的实体对象，那么对它的更改将被无声地忽略并在提交时丢弃。

You are not showing the complete code here, so I cannot double-check your transaction pattern. One way to get to a situation like this is if you don't have a transaction active when executing the merge and persist. In that case persistence provider is expected to open a new transaction for every JPA operation you perform and immediately commit and close it before the call returns. If this is the case, the merge would be run in a first transaction and then after the merge method returns, the transaction is completed and closed and the returned entity is now detached. The persist below it would then open a second transaction, and trying to refer to an entity that is detached, giving an exception. Always wrap your code inside a transaction unless you know very well what you are doing.

使用容器管理的事务，它看起来像这样。注意:这假设方法在会话bean中，并通过本地或远程接口调用。

@TransactionAttribute(TransactionAttributeType.REQUIRED)
public void storeAccount(Account account) {
    ...

    if (account.getId()!=null) {
        account = entityManager.merge(account);
    }

    Transaction transaction = new Transaction(account,"other stuff");

    entityManager.persist(account);
}

也许这是OpenJPA的bug，当回滚时它重置了@Version字段，但pcVersionInit保持true。我有一个声明@Version字段的AbstraceEntity。我可以通过重置pcVersionInit字段来解决它。但这不是一个好主意。我认为它不工作时，级联坚持实体。

    private static Field PC_VERSION_INIT = null;
    static {
        try {
            PC_VERSION_INIT = AbstractEntity.class.getDeclaredField("pcVersionInit");
            PC_VERSION_INIT.setAccessible(true);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
        }
    }

    public T call(final EntityManager em) {
                if (PC_VERSION_INIT != null && isDetached(entity)) {
                    try {
                        PC_VERSION_INIT.set(entity, false);
                    } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                    }
                }
                em.persist(entity);
                return entity;
            }

            /**
             * @param entity
             * @param detached
             * @return
             */
            private boolean isDetached(final Object entity) {
                if (entity instanceof PersistenceCapable) {
                    PersistenceCapable pc = (PersistenceCapable) entity;
                    if (pc.pcIsDetached() == Boolean.TRUE) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                return false;
            }

移除子关联级联

因此，您需要删除@CascadeType。这些都来自@ManyToOne协会。子实体不应该级联到父关联。只有父实体应该级联到子实体。

@ManyToOne(fetch= FetchType.LAZY)

注意，我将fetch属性设置为FetchType。LAZY，因为急切抓取对性能非常不利。

设置关联的双方

当你有一个双向关联时，你需要在父实体中使用addChild和removecchild方法来同步双方:

public void addTransaction(Transaction transaction) {
    transcations.add(transaction);
    transaction.setAccount(this);
}

public void removeTransaction(Transaction transaction) {
    transcations.remove(transaction);
    transaction.setAccount(null);
}