I did this in an application I'm developing. The timers don't work when the app is in the background but the app is constantly receiving the location updates. I read somewhere in the documentation (i can't seem to find it now, i'll post an update when i do) that a method can be called only on an active run loop when the app is in the background. The app delegate has an active run loop even in the bg so you dont need to create your own to make this work. [Im not sure if this is the correct explanation but thats how I understood from what i read]

首先，在应用的info.plist中添加关键UIBackgroundModes的location对象。现在，你需要做的是启动位置更新在你的应用程序的任何地方:

    CLLocationManager locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
    locationManager.delegate = self;//or whatever class you have for managing location
    [locationManager startUpdatingLocation];

Next, write a method to handle the location updates, say -(void)didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation*)location, in the app delegate. Then implement the method locationManager:didUpdateLocation:fromLocation of CLLocationManagerDelegate in the class in which you started the location manager (since we set the location manager delegate to 'self'). Inside this method you need to check if the time interval after which you have to handle the location updates has elapsed. You can do this by saving the current time every time. If that time has elapsed, call the method UpdateLocation from your app delegate:

NSDate *newLocationTimestamp = newLocation.timestamp;
NSDate *lastLocationUpdateTiemstamp;

int locationUpdateInterval = 300;//5 mins

NSUserDefaults *userDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
if (userDefaults) {

        lastLocationUpdateTiemstamp = [userDefaults objectForKey:kLastLocationUpdateTimestamp];

        if (!([newLocationTimestamp timeIntervalSinceDate:lastLocationUpdateTiemstamp] < locationUpdateInterval)) {
            //NSLog(@"New Location: %@", newLocation);
            [(AppDelegate*)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate didUpdateToLocation:newLocation];
            [userDefaults setObject:newLocationTimestamp forKey:kLastLocationUpdateTimestamp];
        }
    }
}

这将每5分钟调用你的方法，即使你的应用程序是在后台。 Imp:这个实现耗尽电池，如果你的位置数据的准确性不是关键，你应该使用[locationManager startMonitoringSignificantLocationChanges]

在将此添加到应用程序之前，请阅读位置感知编程指南

我确实写了一个使用位置服务的应用程序，应用程序必须每10秒发送位置。 而且效果很好。

只需使用“allowdeferredlocationupdatesuntiltravelled:timeout”方法，遵循苹果的文档。

我所做的是:

必需:注册后台模式更新位置。

1. 创建LocationManger和startUpdatingLocation，精度和filteredDistance为任何你想要的:

-(void) initLocationManager    
{
    // Create the manager object
    self.locationManager = [[[CLLocationManager alloc] init] autorelease];
    _locationManager.delegate = self;
    // This is the most important property to set for the manager. It ultimately determines how the manager will
    // attempt to acquire location and thus, the amount of power that will be consumed.
    _locationManager.desiredAccuracy = 45;
    _locationManager.distanceFilter = 100;
    // Once configured, the location manager must be "started".
    [_locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}

2. 在后台使用allowdeferredlocationupdatesuntilmoved:timeout方法让应用永远运行，当应用移到后台时，你必须用新参数重新启动updatingLocation，就像这样:

- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application {
     _isBackgroundMode = YES;

    [_locationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
    [_locationManager setDesiredAccuracy:kCLLocationAccuracyBest];
    [_locationManager setDistanceFilter:kCLDistanceFilterNone];
    _locationManager.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = NO;
    _locationManager.activityType = CLActivityTypeAutomotiveNavigation;
    [_locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
 }

3.应用程序获得updatedLocations正常与locationManager:didUpdateLocations: callback:

-(void) locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations
{
//  store data
    CLLocation *newLocation = [locations lastObject];
    self.userLocation = newLocation;

   //tell the centralManager that you want to deferred this updatedLocation
    if (_isBackgroundMode && !_deferringUpdates)
    {
        _deferringUpdates = YES;
        [self.locationManager allowDeferredLocationUpdatesUntilTraveled:CLLocationDistanceMax timeout:10];
    }
}

4. 但是你应该在locationManager:didFinishDeferredUpdatesWithError: callback中处理数据

- (void) locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFinishDeferredUpdatesWithError:(NSError *)error {

     _deferringUpdates = NO;

     //do something 
}

5. 注意:我认为每次应用程序在后台/前台模式之间切换时，我们应该重置LocationManager的参数。

不幸的是，你所有的假设似乎都是正确的，我认为没有办法做到这一点。为了节省电池寿命，iPhone的定位服务是基于移动的。如果手机放在一个位置，定位服务就看不见它。

CLLocationManager只会在手机接收到位置更新时调用locationManager:didUpdateToLocation:fromLocation:，这只会发生在三个位置服务(蜂窝塔，gps, wifi)之一感知到变化时。

其他一些事情可能有助于进一步的解决方案:

Starting & Stopping the services causes the didUpdateToLocation delegate method to be called, but the newLocation might have an old timestamp. Region Monitoring might help When running in the background, be aware that it may be difficult to get "full" LocationServices support approved by Apple. From what I've seen, they've specifically designed startMonitoringSignificantLocationChanges as a low power alternative for apps that need background location support, and strongly encourage developers to use this unless the app absolutely needs it.

好运！

更新:这些想法现在可能已经过时了。看起来人们在@wjans的回答上取得了成功。

if ([self.locationManager respondsToSelector:@selector(setAllowsBackgroundLocationUpdates:)]) {
    [self.locationManager setAllowsBackgroundLocationUpdates:YES];
}

自iOS 9以来，这是后台位置跟踪所需要的。

在苹果开发者论坛的帮助下，我找到了一个解决方案:

指定位置背景模式 在后台用UIApplication:beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler创建一个NSTimer: 当n小于UIApplication: backgroundtimerremain时，它会正常工作。当n较大时，应该在没有剩余时间之前再次启用(并禁用)位置管理器，以避免后台任务被终止。

这是因为位置是三种允许的后台执行类型之一。

注意:我在模拟器中测试了一些时间，在那里它不起作用。不过，它在我的手机上运行得很好。

在iOS 8/9/10上，每5分钟更新一次后台位置，执行以下操作:

进入项目->能力->背景模式->选择位置更新 转到项目->信息->添加一个键NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription空值(或可选的任何文本) 当你的应用程序在后台工作，并发送坐标到web服务或做任何事情，每5分钟实现如下代码。

我没有使用任何后台任务或计时器。我在我的iOS 8.1设备上测试了这段代码，我的应用程序在后台运行了几个小时。设备被锁定，代码一直正常运行。

@interface LocationManager () <CLLocationManagerDelegate>
@property (strong, nonatomic) CLLocationManager *locationManager;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSDate *lastTimestamp;

@end

@implementation LocationManager

+ (instancetype)sharedInstance
{
    static id sharedInstance = nil;

    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        sharedInstance = [[self alloc] init];
        LocationManager *instance = sharedInstance;
        instance.locationManager = [CLLocationManager new];
        instance.locationManager.delegate = instance;
        instance.locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest; // you can use kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters to get better battery life
        instance.locationManager.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = NO; // this is important
    });

    return sharedInstance;
}

- (void)startUpdatingLocation
{
    CLAuthorizationStatus status = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];

    if (status == kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied)
    {
        NSLog(@"Location services are disabled in settings.");
    }
    else
    {
        // for iOS 8
        if ([self.locationManager respondsToSelector:@selector(requestAlwaysAuthorization)])
        {
            [self.locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
        }
        // for iOS 9
        if ([self.locationManager respondsToSelector:@selector(setAllowsBackgroundLocationUpdates:)])
        {
            [self.locationManager setAllowsBackgroundLocationUpdates:YES];
        }

        [self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
    }
}

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations
{
    CLLocation *mostRecentLocation = locations.lastObject;
    NSLog(@"Current location: %@ %@", @(mostRecentLocation.coordinate.latitude), @(mostRecentLocation.coordinate.longitude));

    NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
    NSTimeInterval interval = self.lastTimestamp ? [now timeIntervalSinceDate:self.lastTimestamp] : 0;

    if (!self.lastTimestamp || interval >= 5 * 60)
    {
        self.lastTimestamp = now;
        NSLog(@"Sending current location to web service.");
    }
}

@end