“类型安全”是什么意思?
当前回答
试试这个解释……
TypeSafe意味着在编译时静态检查变量是否有适当的赋值。例如,考虑一个字符串或整数。这两种不同的数据类型不能交叉赋值(也就是说,不能将整数赋值给字符串,也不能将字符串赋值给整数)。
对于非类型安全的行为,考虑如下:
object x = 89;
int y;
如果你试图这样做:
y = x;
编译器抛出一个错误,表示它不能转换一个系统。对象转换为整数。你需要明确地这样做。一种方法是:
y = Convert.ToInt32( x );
上面的赋值不是类型安全的。类型安全赋值是指类型可以直接相互赋值。
非类型安全的集合在ASP。NET(例如,应用程序、会话和视图状态集合)。关于这些集合的好消息是(尽量减少多个服务器状态管理方面的考虑),您可以在这三个集合中的任何一个中放入几乎任何数据类型。坏消息是:因为这些集合不是类型安全的,所以在取回值时需要适当地强制转换。
例如:
Session[ "x" ] = 34;
工作很好。但是要将整数值赋回,你需要:
int i = Convert.ToInt32( Session[ "x" ] );
阅读泛型,了解该工具帮助您轻松实现类型安全集合的方式。
c#是一种类型安全语言,但请关注有关c# 4.0的文章;有趣的动态可能性正在逼近(c#实际上得到了严格的选项:关闭,这是一件好事吗?我们将会看到)。
其他回答
类型安全
在现代c++中,类型安全是非常重要的。类型安全意味着正确使用类型,因此避免不安全的类型强制转换和合并。c++中的每个对象都是根据其类型使用的,并且在使用之前需要对对象进行初始化。
安全初始化:{}
编译器在类型转换过程中防止信息丢失。例如, int {7};初始化没问题 \ . int b{7.5}编译器显示错误,因为信息丢失
不安全的初始化:=或()
编译器不会在类型转换期间防止信息丢失。 int a = 7初始化正常 int a = 7.5初始化正常,但信息丢失。a的实际值将变为7.0 int c(7)初始化OK int c(7.5)初始化是可以的,但是会发生信息丢失。a的实际值将变为7.0
“类型安全”的编程语言意味着以下几点:
不能从未初始化的变量中读取 数组的索引不能超出它们的边界 不能执行未检查的类型强制转换
类型安全意味着可以分配给程序变量的值集必须符合定义良好且可测试的标准。类型安全变量导致程序更加健壮,因为操作变量的算法可以相信变量只接受定义良好的一组值中的一个。保持这种信任可以确保数据和程序的完整性和质量。
For many variables, the set of values that may be assigned to a variable is defined at the time the program is written. For example, a variable called "colour" may be allowed to take on the values "red", "green", or "blue" and never any other values. For other variables those criteria may change at run-time. For example, a variable called "colour" may only be allowed to take on values in the "name" column of a "Colours" table in a relational database, where "red, "green", and "blue", are three values for "name" in the "Colours" table, but some other part of the computer program may be able to add to that list while the program is running, and the variable can take on the new values after they are added to the Colours table.
Many type-safe languages give the illusion of "type-safety" by insisting on strictly defining types for variables and only allowing a variable to be assigned values of the same "type". There are a couple of problems with this approach. For example, a program may have a variable "yearOfBirth" which is the year a person was born, and it is tempting to type-cast it as a short integer. However, it is not a short integer. This year, it is a number that is less than 2009 and greater than -10000. However, this set grows by 1 every year as the program runs. Making this a "short int" is not adequate. What is needed to make this variable type-safe is a run-time validation function that ensures that the number is always greater than -10000 and less than the next calendar year. There is no compiler that can enforce such criteria because these criteria are always unique characteristics of the problem domain.
Languages that use dynamic typing (or duck-typing, or manifest typing) such as Perl, Python, Ruby, SQLite, and Lua don't have the notion of typed variables. This forces the programmer to write a run-time validation routine for every variable to ensure that it is correct, or endure the consequences of unexplained run-time exceptions. In my experience, programmers in statically typed languages such as C, C++, Java, and C# are often lulled into thinking that statically defined types is all they need to do to get the benefits of type-safety. This is simply not true for many useful computer programs, and it is hard to predict if it is true for any particular computer program.
长和短....您需要类型安全吗?如果是,那么编写运行时函数来确保当变量被赋值时,它符合定义良好的标准。缺点是它使域分析对于大多数计算机程序来说非常困难,因为您必须显式地为每个程序变量定义标准。
这里的许多答案将类型安全与静态类型和动态类型混为一谈。动态类型语言(如smalltalk)也可以是类型安全的。
简单的回答是:如果没有操作导致未定义的行为,则该语言被认为是类型安全的。许多人认为显式类型转换的要求对于严格类型的语言是必要的,因为自动转换有时会导致定义良好但意想不到/不直观的行为。
为了更好地理解,请观看下面的视频,该视频演示了类型安全语言(c#)和非类型安全语言(javascript)的代码。
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rlw_njQhkxw
现在来看长文本。
类型安全意味着防止类型错误。当一种类型的数据类型在不知不觉中被分配给另一种类型时,就会发生类型错误,我们会得到不想要的结果。
例如,JavaScript不是一种类型安全语言。在下面的代码中,“num”是一个数值变量,“str”是字符串。Javascript允许我做“num + str”,现在猜测将它做算术或串联。
现在对于下面的代码,结果是“55”,但重要的一点是,它将执行什么样的操作造成了混乱。
这是因为javascript不是一种类型安全的语言。它允许不受限制地将一种类型的数据设置为另一种类型。
<script>
var num = 5; // numeric
var str = "5"; // string
var z = num + str; // arthimetic or concat ????
alert(z); // displays “55”
</script>
c#是一种类型安全语言。它不允许将一种数据类型分配给另一种数据类型。下面的代码不允许在不同的数据类型上使用“+”运算符。