如何得到一系列表的笛卡尔积

如何从一组列表中得到笛卡尔积(每一种可能的值组合)?

输入:

somelists = [
   [1, 2, 3],
   ['a', 'b'],
   [4, 5]
]

期望的输出:

[(1, 'a', 4), (1, 'a', 5), (1, 'b', 4), (1, 'b', 5), (2, 'a', 4), (2, 'a', 5), ...]

该技术的一个常见应用是避免深度嵌套循环。有关更具体的重复，请参见避免嵌套for循环。

如果你想要一个相同列表与它自身多次相乘的笛卡尔积，itertools。Product可以很好地处理这个问题。参见对列表中的每对元素的操作或生成具有重复的排列。

当前回答

虽然已经有很多答案，但我想分享一些我的想法:

迭代方法

def cartesian_iterative(pools):
  result = [[]]
  for pool in pools:
    result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool]
  return result

递归方法

def cartesian_recursive(pools):
  if len(pools) > 2:
    pools[0] = product(pools[0], pools[1])
    del pools[1]
    return cartesian_recursive(pools)
  else:
    pools[0] = product(pools[0], pools[1])
    del pools[1]
    return pools
def product(x, y):
  return [xx + [yy] if isinstance(xx, list) else [xx] + [yy] for xx in x for yy in y]

Lambda方法

def cartesian_reduct(pools):
  return reduce(lambda x,y: product(x,y) , pools)

2017-02-21 04:03:40

其他回答

我会使用列表推导式:

somelists = [
   [1, 2, 3],
   ['a', 'b'],
   [4, 5]
]

cart_prod = [(a,b,c) for a in somelists[0] for b in somelists[1] for c in somelists[2]]

2016-11-21 08:42:02

itertools.product:

import itertools
result = list(itertools.product(*somelists))

2009-02-10 20:01:26

我相信这是可行的:

def cartesian_product(L):  
   if L:
       return {(a,) + b for a in L[0] 
                        for b in cartesian_product(L[1:])}
   else:
       return {()}

2020-01-04 07:26:43

递归的方法:

def rec_cart(start, array, partial, results):
  if len(partial) == len(array):
    results.append(partial)
    return 

  for element in array[start]:
    rec_cart(start+1, array, partial+[element], results)

rec_res = []
some_lists = [[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b'], [4, 5]]  
rec_cart(0, some_lists, [], rec_res)
print(rec_res)

迭代方法:

def itr_cart(array):
  results = [[]]
  for i in range(len(array)):
    temp = []
    for res in results:
      for element in array[i]:
        temp.append(res+[element])
    results = temp

  return results

some_lists = [[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b'], [4, 5]]  
itr_res = itr_cart(some_lists)
print(itr_res)

2018-12-31 18:32:17