我一直在使用ES6 Promise。

通常,Promise是这样构造和使用的

new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    if (someCondition){
        resolve();
    } else {
        reject();
    } 
});

但我一直在做下面这样的事情,为了灵活起见,把决心放在外面。

var outsideResolve;
var outsideReject;
new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 
    outsideResolve = resolve; 
    outsideReject = reject; 
});

后来

onClick = function(){
    outsideResolve();
}

这很好,但是否有更简单的方法来做到这一点?如果不是,这是一个好的实践吗?


当前回答

这里的许多答案与本文最后一个示例类似。 我正在缓存多个promise, resolve()和reject()函数可以分配给任何变量或属性。因此,我能够使这段代码更加紧凑:

function defer(obj) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
}

下面是一个使用这个版本的defer()将一个FontFace加载承诺与另一个异步进程结合的简化示例:

function onDOMContentLoaded(evt) {
    let all = []; // array of Promises
    glob = {};    // global object used elsewhere
    defer(glob);
    all.push(glob.promise);
    // launch async process with callback = resolveGlob()

    const myFont = new FontFace("myFont", "url(myFont.woff2)");
    document.fonts.add(myFont);
    myFont.load();
    all.push[myFont];
    Promise.all(all).then(() => { runIt(); }, (v) => { alert(v); });
}
//...
function resolveGlob() {
    glob.resolve();
}
function runIt() {} // runs after all promises resolved 

更新:如果你想封装对象,有2个选择:

function defer(obj = {}) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
    return obj;
}
let deferred = defer();

and

class Deferred {
    constructor() {
        this.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            this.resolve = resolve;
            this.reject  = reject;
        });
    }
}
let deferred = new Deferred();

其他回答

有点晚了,但另一种方法是使用Deferred对象。你基本上有相同数量的样板文件,但是如果你想要传递它们并且可能在它们的定义之外解析,这很方便。

天真的实现:

class Deferred {
  constructor() {
    this.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject)=> {
      this.reject = reject
      this.resolve = resolve
    })
  }
}

function asyncAction() {
  var dfd = new Deferred()

  setTimeout(()=> {
    dfd.resolve(42)
  }, 500)

  return dfd.promise
}

asyncAction().then(result => {
  console.log(result) // 42
})

ES5版本:

function Deferred() {
  var self = this;
  this.promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    self.reject = reject
    self.resolve = resolve
  })
}

function asyncAction() {
  var dfd = new Deferred()

  setTimeout(function() {
    dfd.resolve(42)
  }, 500)

  return dfd.promise
}

asyncAction().then(function(result) {
  console.log(result) // 42
})

我们的解决方案是使用闭包来存储解析/拒绝函数,并附加一个函数来扩展承诺本身。

模式如下:

function getPromise() {

    var _resolve, _reject;

    var promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        _reject = reject;
        _resolve = resolve;
    });

    promise.resolve_ex = (value) => {
       _resolve(value);
    };

    promise.reject_ex = (value) => {
       _reject(value);
    };

    return promise;
}

使用它:

var promise = getPromise();

promise.then(value => {
    console.info('The promise has been fulfilled: ' + value);
});

promise.resolve_ex('hello');  
// or the reject version 
//promise.reject_ex('goodbye');

我做了一个名为manual-promise的库,它的功能是替换Promise的drop。这里的其他答案都不能作为Promise的替代品,因为它们使用代理或包装器。

纱线添加手工承诺

NPN安装手动承诺


import { ManualPromise } from "manual-promise";

const prom = new ManualPromise();

prom.resolve(2);

// actions can still be run inside the promise
const prom2 = new ManualPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    // ... code
});


new ManualPromise() instanceof Promise === true

https://github.com/zpxp/manual-promise#readme

我已经整理了一个完成这项工作的要点:https://gist.github.com/thiagoh/c24310b562d50a14f3e7602a82b4ef13

以下是你应该如何使用它:

import ExternalizedPromiseCreator from '../externalized-promise';

describe('ExternalizedPromise', () => {
  let fn: jest.Mock;
  let deferredFn: jest.Mock;
  let neverCalledFn: jest.Mock;
  beforeEach(() => {
    fn = jest.fn();
    deferredFn = jest.fn();
    neverCalledFn = jest.fn();
  });

  it('resolve should resolve the promise', done => {
    const externalizedPromise = ExternalizedPromiseCreator.create(() => fn());

    externalizedPromise
      .promise
      .then(() => deferredFn())
      .catch(() => neverCalledFn())
      .then(() => {
        expect(deferredFn).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(neverCalledFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        done();
      });

    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(neverCalledFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(deferredFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

    externalizedPromise.resolve();
  });
  ...
});

我想分享一些不同的东西,这是这个话题的延伸。

有时,您希望“任务承诺”在解析时自动在相同的地址(属性或变量)重新创建。可以创建一个外部解析器来完成这个任务。

一个带有外部解析器的重复承诺的例子。无论何时调用解析器,都会在相同的地址/变量/属性处创建一个新的承诺。

let resolvePromise;
let thePromise;

const setPromise = (resolve) => {
  resolvePromise = () => {
    resolve();
    thePromise = new Promise(setPromise);   
  }
}
thePromise = new Promise(setPromise);

(async () => {
  let i = 0;
  while (true) {
    let msg = (i % 2 === 0) ? 'Tick' : 'Tock';
    document.body.innerHTML = msg;
    setTimeout(resolvePromise, 1000);
    await thePromise;
    i++;
  }
})();

https://jsfiddle.net/h3zvw5xr