这里的许多答案与本文最后一个示例类似。 我正在缓存多个promise, resolve()和reject()函数可以分配给任何变量或属性。因此，我能够使这段代码更加紧凑:

function defer(obj) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
}

下面是一个使用这个版本的defer()将一个FontFace加载承诺与另一个异步进程结合的简化示例:

function onDOMContentLoaded(evt) {
    let all = []; // array of Promises
    glob = {};    // global object used elsewhere
    defer(glob);
    all.push(glob.promise);
    // launch async process with callback = resolveGlob()

    const myFont = new FontFace("myFont", "url(myFont.woff2)");
    document.fonts.add(myFont);
    myFont.load();
    all.push[myFont];
    Promise.all(all).then(() => { runIt(); }, (v) => { alert(v); });
}
//...
function resolveGlob() {
    glob.resolve();
}
function runIt() {} // runs after all promises resolved 

更新:如果你想封装对象，有2个选择:

function defer(obj = {}) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
    return obj;
}
let deferred = defer();

and

class Deferred {
    constructor() {
        this.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            this.resolve = resolve;
            this.reject  = reject;
        });
    }
}
let deferred = new Deferred();

不，没有其他方法可以做到这一点——我唯一能说的是这个用例不是很常见。就像Felix在评论中说的那样——你所做的将始终有效。

值得一提的是，promise构造函数以这种方式运行的原因是抛出安全——如果当你的代码在promise构造函数中运行时发生了你没有预料到的异常，它将变成拒绝，这种形式的抛出安全——将抛出的错误转换为拒绝是很重要的，有助于维护可预测的代码。

出于这个抛出安全的原因，承诺构造函数被选择而不是延迟(延迟是一种允许你正在做的事情的替代承诺构造方法)——至于最佳实践——我将传递元素并使用承诺构造函数:

var p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
    this.onclick = resolve;
}.bind(this));

出于这个原因——只要可以使用promise构造函数而不是导出函数——我建议您使用它。无论何时你可以避免两者，避免两者和链。

注意，你永远不应该在if(condition)这样的情况下使用promise构造函数，第一个例子可以这样写:

var p = Promise[(someCondition)?"resolve":"reject"]();

我在2015年为我的框架提出了一个解决方案。我把这种类型的承诺称为任务

function createPromise(handler){
  var resolve, reject;

  var promise = new Promise(function(_resolve, _reject){
    resolve = _resolve; 
    reject = _reject;
    if(handler) handler(resolve, reject);
  })
  
  promise.resolve = resolve;
  promise.reject = reject;
  return promise;
}


// create
var promise = createPromise()
promise.then(function(data){ alert(data) })

// resolve from outside
promise.resolve(200)

我喜欢@JonJaques的回答，但我想更进一步。

如果你绑定并捕获Deferred对象，那么它完全实现了Promise API，你可以将它视为Promise并等待它等等。

⚠️ Editor's Note: I don't recommend this kind of pattern anymore since at the time of writing, Promise.prototype.finally was not a thing yet, then it became a thing… This could happen to other methods so I recommend you augment the promise instance with resolve and reject functions instead: function createDeferredPromise() { let resolve let reject const promise = new Promise((thisResolve, thisReject) => { resolve = thisResolve reject = thisReject }) return Object.assign(promise, {resolve, reject}) } Go upvote someone else's answer.

class DeferredPromise { constructor() { this._promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // assign the resolve and reject functions to `this` // making them usable on the class instance this.resolve = resolve; this.reject = reject; }); // bind `then` and `catch` to implement the same interface as Promise this.then = this._promise.then.bind(this._promise); this.catch = this._promise.catch.bind(this._promise); this.finally = this._promise.finally.bind(this._promise); this[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'Promise'; } } const deferred = new DeferredPromise(); console.log('waiting 2 seconds...'); setTimeout(() => { deferred.resolve('whoa!'); }, 2000); async function someAsyncFunction() { const value = await deferred; console.log(value); } someAsyncFunction();

您可以将Promise包装在一个类中。

class Deferred {
    constructor(handler) {
        this.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            this.reject = reject;
            this.resolve = resolve;
            handler(resolve, reject);
        });

        this.promise.resolve = this.resolve;
        this.promise.reject = this.reject;

        return this.promise;
    }
    promise;
    resolve;
    reject;
}

// How to use.
const promise = new Deferred((resolve, reject) => {
  // Use like normal Promise.
});

promise.resolve(); // Resolve from any context.

我发现自己在某些情况下也忽略了Deferred模式。你总是可以在ES6的顶部创建一个:

export default class Deferred<T> {
    private _resolve: (value: T) => void = () => {};
    private _reject: (value: T) => void = () => {};

    private _promise: Promise<T> = new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
        this._reject = reject;
        this._resolve = resolve;
    })

    public get promise(): Promise<T> {
        return this._promise;
    }

    public resolve(value: T) {
        this._resolve(value);
    }

    public reject(value: T) {
        this._reject(value);
    }
}