没有一个答案对我有用。

这是有效的方法:

而不是像这样初始化我的X509Certifiacte2:

   var certificate = new X509Certificate2(bytes, pass);

我是这样做的:

   var certificate = new X509Certificate2(bytes, pass, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);

注意X509KeyStorageFlags。出口! !

我没有改变其余的代码(WebRequest本身):

// I'm not even sure the first two lines are necessary:
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = true; 
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;

request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(string.Format("https://{0}.sii.cl/cvc_cgi/dte/of_solicita_folios", server));
request.Method = "GET";
request.Referer = string.Format("https://hercules.sii.cl/cgi_AUT2000/autInicio.cgi?referencia=https://{0}.sii.cl/cvc_cgi/dte/of_solicita_folios", servidor);
request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0";
request.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();

using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
{
    // etc...
}

事实上，我甚至不确定前两行是否有必要……

我终于找到了答案(我没有注明我的来源，但它来自一次搜索);

虽然代码在Windows XP中工作，但在Windows 7中，你必须在开头添加这个:

// using System.Net;
ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = true;
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
// Use SecurityProtocolType.Ssl3 if needed for compatibility reasons

现在，它工作得很完美。

齿顶高

Robin French提到过;如果你在配置PayPal时遇到了这个问题，请注意从2018年12月3日开始他们将不支持SSL3。您需要使用TLS。这是关于它的Paypal页面。

在这个问题上花了很多时间后，我发现ASP。运行客户端服务的NET帐户没有访问证书的权限。我通过进入web应用程序运行的IIS应用程序池，进入高级设置，并将身份从NetworkService更改为LocalSystem帐户来修复它。

更好的解决方案是让证书与默认的NetworkService帐户一起工作，但这适用于快速功能测试。

这一个是为我工作在MVC webclient

public string DownloadSite(string RefinedLink)
{
    try
    {
        Uri address = new Uri(RefinedLink);

        ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
        ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Ssl3;

        System.Net.ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls11 | SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;

        using (WebClient webClient = new WebClient())
        {
            var stream = webClient.OpenRead(address);
            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream))
            {
                var page = sr.ReadToEnd();

                return page;
            }
        }

    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        log.Error("DownloadSite - error Lin = " + RefinedLink, e);
        return null;
    }
}

在我的情况下，这个异常的根源是在代码的某些时候，下面的代码被调用:

ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Ssl3;

这真的很糟糕。它不仅指示. net使用不安全的协议，而且还会影响在您的应用域中随后发出的每一个新的WebClient(和类似的)请求。(请注意，传入的web请求在你的ASP中不受影响。NET应用程序，但新的WebClient请求，如与外部web服务对话，是)。

在我的情况下，它实际上并不需要，所以我可以删除该语句，所有其他的web请求重新开始正常工作。根据我在其他地方的阅读，我了解到一些事情:

This is a global setting in your appdomain, and if you have concurrent activity, you can't reliably set it to one value, do your action, and then set it back. Another action may take place during that small window and be impacted. The correct setting is to leave it default. This allows .NET to continue to use whatever is the most secure default value as time goes on and you upgrade frameworks. Setting it to TLS12 (which is the most secure as of this writing) will work now but in 5 years may start causing mysterious problems. If you really need to set a value, you should consider doing it in a separate specialized application or appdomain and find a way to talk between it and your main pool. Because it's a single global value, trying to manage it within a busy app pool will only lead to trouble. This answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/26754917/7656 provides a possible solution by way of a custom proxy. (Note I have not personally implemented it.)

我最近也遇到了同样的问题。我的环境运行在。net 4.6.1和VB.NET下。这就是我解决问题的方法:

ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Ssl3
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = New RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(AddressOf util.ValidateServerCertificate)

还有util。ValidateServerCertificate函数为:

Public Function ValidateServerCertificate(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal certificate As X509Certificate, ByVal chain As X509Chain, ByVal sslPolicyErrors As SslPolicyErrors) As Boolean
    Return True
End Function