enum类。Enum是一个解决所有枚举需求的类，因此您只需要继承它，并添加自己的字段。然后从那时起，你所需要做的就是调用它的属性:name & value:

from enum import Enum

class Letter(Enum):
   A = 1
   B = 2
   C = 3

print({i.name: i.value for i in Letter})
# prints {'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3}

使用__members__类方法:

class RoleNames(str, Enum):
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names

>>> role_names = RoleNames.list_roles()
>>> print(role_names)

或者如果你有多个Enum类并且想要抽象类方法:

class BaseEnum(Enum):
    @classmethod
    def list_roles(cls):
        role_names = [member.value for role, member in cls.__members__.items()]
        return role_names


class RoleNames(str, BaseEnum):    
    AGENT = "agent"
    USER = "user"
    PRIMARY_USER = "primary_user"
    SUPER_USER = "super_user"
    

class PermissionNames(str, BaseEnum):
    READ = "updated_at"
    WRITE = "sort_by"
    READ_WRITE = "sort_order"

要对任何类型的值使用Enum，请尝试以下方法: 更新了一些改进…谢谢@杰夫，谢谢你的小费!

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 'GREEN'
    BLUE = ('blue', '#0000ff')

    @staticmethod
    def list():
        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, Color))

print(Color.list())

结果:

[1, 'GREEN', ('blue', '#0000ff')]

你可以有一个这样的SuperEnum:

from enum import Enum

class SuperEnum(Enum):    
    @classmethod
    def to_dict(cls):
        """Returns a dictionary representation of the enum."""
        return {e.name: e.value for e in cls}
    
    @classmethod
    def keys(cls):
        """Returns a list of all the enum keys."""
        return cls._member_names_
    
    @classmethod
    def values(cls):
        """Returns a list of all the enum values."""
        return list(cls._value2member_map_.keys())

像这样使用它:

class Roles(SuperEnum):
    ADMIN = 1
    USER = 2
    GUEST = 3

所以你可以:

Roles.to_dict() # {'ADMIN': 1, 'USER': 2, 'GUEST': 3}
Roles.keys() # ['ADMIN', 'USER', 'GUEST']
Roles.values() # [1, 2, 3]

使用_member_names_快速简单的结果，如果它只是名称，即。

Color._member_names_

还有_member_map_，它返回元素的有序字典。这个函数返回一个集合。OrderedDict，因此您可以使用color . _member_map_items()和color . _member_map_values()。如。

return list(map(lambda x: x.value, Color._member_map_.values()))

将返回颜色的所有有效值

您可以执行以下操作:

[e.value for e in Color]