我需要二进制搜索python和通用的Django模型。在Django模型中，一个模型可以有外键到另一个模型，我想在检索到的模型对象上执行一些搜索。我写了下面的函数，你可以用这个。

def binary_search(values, key, lo=0, hi=None, length=None, cmp=None):
    """
    This is a binary search function which search for given key in values.
    This is very generic since values and key can be of different type.
    If they are of different type then caller must specify `cmp` function to
    perform a comparison between key and values' item.
    :param values:  List of items in which key has to be search
    :param key: search key
    :param lo: start index to begin search
    :param hi: end index where search will be performed
    :param length: length of values
    :param cmp: a comparator function which can be used to compare key and values
    :return: -1 if key is not found else index
    """
    assert type(values[0]) == type(key) or cmp, "can't be compared"
    assert not (hi and length), "`hi`, `length` both can't be specified at the same time"

    lo = lo
    if not lo:
        lo = 0
    if hi:
        hi = hi
    elif length:
        hi = length - 1
    else:
        hi = len(values) - 1

    while lo <= hi:
        mid = lo + (hi - lo) // 2
        if not cmp:
            if values[mid] == key:
                return mid
            if values[mid] < key:
                lo = mid + 1
            else:
                hi = mid - 1
        else:
            val = cmp(values[mid], key)
            # 0 -> a == b
            # > 0 -> a > b
            # < 0 -> a < b
            if val == 0:
                return mid
            if val < 0:
                lo = mid + 1
            else:
                hi = mid - 1
    return -1

我想使用bisect_left，然后检查是否在那项 position等于我要搜索的内容，但这看起来很麻烦 (我还需要做边界检查，如果数字可以更大 而不是我列表中最大的数字)。如果有更好的方法，我会 我想了解一下。

避免边界检查或相等性检查的一种方法是同时运行bisect_left()和bisect_right():

def find(data, target):
    start = bisect_left(data, target)
    end = bisect_right(data, target)
    return -1 if start == end else start

我同意@DaveAbrahams使用等分模块的答案是正确的方法。他在回答中没有提到一个重要的细节。

从文档中平分。Bisect_left (a, x, lo=0, hi=len(a))

平分模块不需要预先计算搜索数组。你可以把端点表示为等分线。Bisect_left，而不是使用默认值0和len(a)。

对我的使用更重要的是，寻找一个值X，使给定函数的误差最小化。要做到这一点，我需要一种方法让bisect_left的算法调用我的计算。这真的很简单。

只需要提供一个对象，将__getitem__定义为

例如，我们可以使用平分算法以任意精度找到一个平方根!

import bisect

class sqrt_array(object):
    def __init__(self, digits):
        self.precision = float(10**(digits))
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return (key/self.precision)**2.0

sa = sqrt_array(4)

# "search" in the range of 0 to 10 with a "precision" of 0.0001
index = bisect.bisect_left(sa, 7, 0, 10*10**4)
print 7**0.5
print index/(10**4.0)

上面有很多好的解决方案，但我还没有看到一个简单的(KISS保持简单(因为我是)愚蠢的使用Python内置/通用平分函数来做二进制搜索。使用bisect函数的一些代码，我想下面有一个示例，其中我测试了一个小字符串数组的所有情况。上面的一些解决方案提到了这一点，但希望下面的简单代码能帮助像我一样困惑的人。

Python bisect is used to indicate where to insert an a new value/search item into a sorted list. The below code which uses bisect_left which will return the index of the hit if the search item in the list/array is found (Note bisect and bisect_right will return the index of the element after the hit or match as the insertion point) If not found, bisect_left will return an index to the next item in the sorted list which will not == the search value. The only other case is where the search item would go at the end of the list where the index returned would be beyond the end of the list/array, and which in the code below the early exit by Python with "and" logic handles. (first condition False Python does not check subsequent conditions)

#Code
from bisect import bisect_left
names=["Adam","Donny","Jalan","Zach","Zayed"]
search=""
lenNames = len(names)
while search !="none":
    search =input("Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:")
    if search == "none":
        break
    i = bisect_left(names,search)
    print(i) # show index returned by Python bisect_left
    if i < (lenNames) and names[i] == search:
        print(names[i],"found") #return True - if function
    else:
        print(search,"not found") #return False – if function
##Exhaustive test cases:
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zayed
##4
##Zayed found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zach
##3
##Zach found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Jalan
##2
##Jalan found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Donny
##1
##Donny found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Adam
##0
##Adam found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Abie
##0
##Abie not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Carla
##1
##Carla not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Ed
##2
##Ed not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Roger
##3
##Roger not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zap
##4
##Zap not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zyss
##5
##Zyss not found

这是手册上的内容:

http://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html

8.5.1. 搜索排序列表

上面的bisect()函数在查找插入点时很有用，但在执行普通搜索任务时可能会有些棘手或尴尬。下面5个函数展示了如何将它们转换为排序列表的标准查找:

def index(a, x):
    'Locate the leftmost value exactly equal to x'
    i = bisect_left(a, x)
    if i != len(a) and a[i] == x:
        return i
    raise ValueError

因此，稍微修改一下你的代码应该是:

def index(a, x):
    'Locate the leftmost value exactly equal to x'
    i = bisect_left(a, x)
    if i != len(a) and a[i] == x:
        return i
    return -1

这段代码以递归的方式处理整数列表。寻找最简单的情况，即:列表长度小于2。这意味着答案已经存在，并执行测试以检查正确答案。 如果不正确，则设置中间值并测试其是否正确，如果不正确，则再次调用该函数，但将中间值设置为上限或下限，将其向左或向右移动

def binary_search(intList, intValue, lowValue, highValue):
    if(highValue - lowValue) < 2:
        return intList[lowValue] == intValue or intList[highValue] == intValue
    middleValue = lowValue + ((highValue - lowValue)/2)
    if intList[middleValue] == intValue:
        return True
    if intList[middleValue] > intValue:
        return binary_search(intList, intValue, lowValue, middleValue - 1)
   return binary_search(intList, intValue, middleValue + 1, highValue)