是否有一个库函数，对列表/元组执行二进制搜索，并返回项目的位置，如果找到，如果没有'False' (-1, None等)?
我在bisect模块中找到了bisect_left/right函数，但即使项目不在列表中，它们仍然返回一个位置。这对于它们的预期用途来说是非常好的，但我只是想知道一个项目是否在列表中(不想插入任何东西)。
我想使用bisect_left，然后检查该位置的项是否等于我正在搜索的内容，但这似乎很麻烦(而且我还需要做边界检查，如果数字可以大于我的列表中最大的数字)。如果有更好的方法，我想知道。
为了澄清我需要这个:我知道字典将非常适合这个，但我试图保持尽可能低的内存消耗。我的预期用途是一种双向查找表。我在表中有一个值列表，我需要能够访问基于其索引的值。我还希望能够找到特定值的索引，如果值不在列表中，则为None。
使用字典是最快的方法，但(大约)会增加一倍的内存需求。
我问这个问题时认为我可能忽略了Python库中的一些东西。看来我得自己写代码了，就像Moe建议的那样。
当前回答
上面有很多好的解决方案，但我还没有看到一个简单的(KISS保持简单(因为我是)愚蠢的使用Python内置/通用平分函数来做二进制搜索。使用bisect函数的一些代码，我想下面有一个示例，其中我测试了一个小字符串数组的所有情况。上面的一些解决方案提到了这一点，但希望下面的简单代码能帮助像我一样困惑的人。
Python bisect is used to indicate where to insert an a new value/search item into a sorted list. The below code which uses bisect_left which will return the index of the hit if the search item in the list/array is found (Note bisect and bisect_right will return the index of the element after the hit or match as the insertion point) If not found, bisect_left will return an index to the next item in the sorted list which will not == the search value. The only other case is where the search item would go at the end of the list where the index returned would be beyond the end of the list/array, and which in the code below the early exit by Python with "and" logic handles. (first condition False Python does not check subsequent conditions)
#Code
from bisect import bisect_left
names=["Adam","Donny","Jalan","Zach","Zayed"]
search=""
lenNames = len(names)
while search !="none":
search =input("Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:")
if search == "none":
break
i = bisect_left(names,search)
print(i) # show index returned by Python bisect_left
if i < (lenNames) and names[i] == search:
print(names[i],"found") #return True - if function
else:
print(search,"not found") #return False – if function
##Exhaustive test cases:
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zayed
##4
##Zayed found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zach
##3
##Zach found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Jalan
##2
##Jalan found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Donny
##1
##Donny found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Adam
##0
##Adam found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Abie
##0
##Abie not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Carla
##1
##Carla not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Ed
##2
##Ed not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Roger
##3
##Roger not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zap
##4
##Zap not found
##Enter name to search for or 'none' to terminate program:Zyss
##5
##Zyss not found
其他回答
你好，这是我的python实现没有平分。如果可以改进，请告诉我。
def bisectLeft(a, t):
lo = 0
hi = len(a) - 1
ans = None
# print("------lower------")
# print(a, t)
while lo <= hi:
mid = (lo + hi) // 2
# print(a[lo:mid], [a[mid]], a[mid:hi])
if a[mid] < t:
lo = mid + 1
elif a[mid] > t:
hi = mid - 1
elif a[mid] == t:
if mid == 0: return 0
if a[mid-1] != t: return mid
hi = mid - 1
return ans
def bisectRight(a, t):
lo = 0
hi = len(a) - 1
ans = None
# print("------upper------")
# print(a, t)
while lo <= hi:
mid = (lo + hi) // 2
# print(a[lo:mid], [a[mid]], a[mid:hi])
if a[mid] == t:
ans = mid
if a[mid] <= t:
lo = mid + 1
else:
hi = mid - 1
return ans
为什么不看看bisect_left/right的代码并调整它以适合您的目的呢?
是这样的:
def binary_search(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
if hi is None:
hi = len(a)
while lo < hi:
mid = (lo+hi)//2
midval = a[mid]
if midval < x:
lo = mid+1
elif midval > x:
hi = mid
else:
return mid
return -1
在维基百科http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm上查看例子
def binary_search(a, key, imin=0, imax=None):
if imax is None:
# if max amount not set, get the total
imax = len(a) - 1
while imin <= imax:
# calculate the midpoint
mid = (imin + imax)//2
midval = a[mid]
# determine which subarray to search
if midval < key:
# change min index to search upper subarray
imin = mid + 1
elif midval > key:
# change max index to search lower subarray
imax = mid - 1
else:
# return index number
return mid
raise ValueError
我需要二进制搜索python和通用的Django模型。在Django模型中，一个模型可以有外键到另一个模型，我想在检索到的模型对象上执行一些搜索。我写了下面的函数，你可以用这个。
def binary_search(values, key, lo=0, hi=None, length=None, cmp=None):
"""
This is a binary search function which search for given key in values.
This is very generic since values and key can be of different type.
If they are of different type then caller must specify `cmp` function to
perform a comparison between key and values' item.
:param values: List of items in which key has to be search
:param key: search key
:param lo: start index to begin search
:param hi: end index where search will be performed
:param length: length of values
:param cmp: a comparator function which can be used to compare key and values
:return: -1 if key is not found else index
"""
assert type(values[0]) == type(key) or cmp, "can't be compared"
assert not (hi and length), "`hi`, `length` both can't be specified at the same time"
lo = lo
if not lo:
lo = 0
if hi:
hi = hi
elif length:
hi = length - 1
else:
hi = len(values) - 1
while lo <= hi:
mid = lo + (hi - lo) // 2
if not cmp:
if values[mid] == key:
return mid
if values[mid] < key:
lo = mid + 1
else:
hi = mid - 1
else:
val = cmp(values[mid], key)
# 0 -> a == b
# > 0 -> a > b
# < 0 -> a < b
if val == 0:
return mid
if val < 0:
lo = mid + 1
else:
hi = mid - 1
return -1
这段代码以递归的方式处理整数列表。寻找最简单的情况，即:列表长度小于2。这意味着答案已经存在，并执行测试以检查正确答案。 如果不正确，则设置中间值并测试其是否正确，如果不正确，则再次调用该函数，但将中间值设置为上限或下限，将其向左或向右移动
def binary_search(intList, intValue, lowValue, highValue):
if(highValue - lowValue) < 2:
return intList[lowValue] == intValue or intList[highValue] == intValue
middleValue = lowValue + ((highValue - lowValue)/2)
if intList[middleValue] == intValue:
return True
if intList[middleValue] > intValue:
return binary_search(intList, intValue, lowValue, middleValue - 1)
return binary_search(intList, intValue, middleValue + 1, highValue)
