执行以下命令时:
ALTER TABLE `mytable` ADD UNIQUE (
`column1` ,
`column2`
);
我得到了这个错误信息:
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
columnn1和column2的信息:
column1 varchar(20) utf8_general_ci
column2 varchar(500) utf8_general_ci
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要501个字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。为什么我得到了错误消息?
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
当前回答
laravel 5.7到9.0
应遵循的步骤
进入App\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php。 将此添加到提供商使用Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;在顶部。 在Boot函数中添加这个Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
就这些，好好享受吧。
其他回答
如果你要创建如下内容:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS your_table (
id int(7) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(256) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
UNIQUE KEY name (name)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ROW_FORMAT=FIXED;
应该是这样的
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS your_table (
id int(7) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(256) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ROW_FORMAT=FIXED;
但是您需要从代码中检查该列的唯一性，或者添加一个新列作为varchar列的MD5或SHA1
对我来说，#1071 -指定键太长了;通过限制列大小200来改变主键/唯一键组合后，最大键长度是767字节”得到了解决。
ALTER TABLE `mytable` ADD UNIQUE (
`column1` (200) ,
`column2` (200)
);
只是在创建表时将utf8mb4更改为utf8就解决了我的问题。例如:CREATE TABLE…DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;创建表…DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要 需要501字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。那么,为什么 我收到错误信息了吗?
UTF8每个字符需要3个字节来存储字符串，因此在您的情况下，20 +500字符= 20*3+500*3 = 1560字节，这超过了允许的767字节。
UTF8的限制是767/3 = 255个字符，对于每个字符使用4个字节的UTF8mb4，它是767/4 = 191个字符。
如果您需要使用比限制更长的列，有两种解决方案:
Use "cheaper" encoding (the one that requires less bytes per character) In my case, I needed to add Unique index on column containing SEO string of article, as I use only [A-z0-9\-] characters for SEO, I used latin1_general_ci which uses only one byte per character and so column can have 767 bytes length. Create hash from your column and use unique index only on that The other option for me was to create another column which would store hash of SEO, this column would have UNIQUE key to ensure SEO values are unique. I would also add KEY index to original SEO column to speed up look up.
索引长度& MySQL / MariaDB
Laravel默认使用utf8mb4字符集，其中包括在数据库中存储“表情符号”的支持。如果您运行的MySQL版本比5.7.7版本更老，或者MariaDB版本比10.2.2版本更老，您可能需要手动配置由迁移生成的默认字符串长度，以便MySQL为它们创建索引。你可以在AppServiceProvider中调用Schema::defaultStringLength方法来配置:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; /** * Bootstrap any application services. * * @return void */ public function boot() { Schema::defaultStringLength(191); } Alternatively, you may enable the innodb_large_prefix option for your database. Refer to your database's documentation for instructions on how to properly enable this option. Reference from blog : https://www.scratchcode.io/specified-key-too-long-error-in-laravel/ Reference from Official laravel documentation : https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/migrations
