执行以下命令时:
ALTER TABLE `mytable` ADD UNIQUE (
`column1` ,
`column2`
);
我得到了这个错误信息:
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
columnn1和column2的信息:
column1 varchar(20) utf8_general_ci
column2 varchar(500) utf8_general_ci
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要501个字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。为什么我得到了错误消息?
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
当前回答
我解决了这个问题:
varchar(200)
取而代之的是
varchar(191)
所有超过200的唯一或主varchar键将它们替换为191或将它们设置为文本。
其他回答
在查询之前运行此查询:
SET @@global.innodb_large_prefix = 1;
这将把限制增加到3072字节。
如果您最近修改了innodb_log_file_size，请尝试恢复之前的值。
在我的例子中，我在使用linux重定向输出/输入字符备份数据库时遇到了这个问题。因此，我按照下面的描述更改语法。PS:使用linux或mac终端。
备份(没有>重定向)
# mysqldump -u root -p databasename -r bkp.sql
恢复(不带< redirect)
# mysql -u root -p --default-character-set=utf8 databasename
mysql> SET names 'utf8'
mysql> SOURCE bkp.sql
错误“指定的键太长;最大密钥长度是767字节。
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要 需要501字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。那么,为什么 我收到错误信息了吗?
UTF8每个字符需要3个字节来存储字符串，因此在您的情况下，20 +500字符= 20*3+500*3 = 1560字节，这超过了允许的767字节。
UTF8的限制是767/3 = 255个字符，对于每个字符使用4个字节的UTF8mb4，它是767/4 = 191个字符。
如果您需要使用比限制更长的列，有两种解决方案:
Use "cheaper" encoding (the one that requires less bytes per character) In my case, I needed to add Unique index on column containing SEO string of article, as I use only [A-z0-9\-] characters for SEO, I used latin1_general_ci which uses only one byte per character and so column can have 767 bytes length. Create hash from your column and use unique index only on that The other option for me was to create another column which would store hash of SEO, this column would have UNIQUE key to ensure SEO values are unique. I would also add KEY index to original SEO column to speed up look up.
Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
You got that message because 1 byte equals 1 character only if you use the latin-1 character set. If you use utf8, each character will be considered 3 bytes when defining your key column. If you use utf8mb4, each character will be considered to be 4 bytes when defining your key column. Thus, you need to multiply your key field's character limit by, 1, 3, or 4 (in my example) to determine the number of bytes the key field is trying to allow. If you are using uft8mb4, you can only define 191 characters for a native, InnoDB, primary key field. Just don't breach 767 bytes.
