Let是一个不可变变量，意思是它不能被改变，其他语言称它为常量。在c++中，你可以把它定义为const。

Var是一个可变变量，这意味着它可以被改变。在c++(2011版本更新)中，它与使用auto相同，尽管swift允许更大的灵活性。这是初学者更熟悉的变量类型。

非常简单:

设为常数。 Var是动态的。

描述一下:

创建一个常数。(有点像NSString)。一旦你设置了它，你就不能改变它的值。你仍然可以把它添加到其他东西，并创建新的变量。

Var创建一个变量。(有点像NSMutableString)所以你可以改变它的值。但这个问题已经被回答了好几次。

Swift let和var

Let -常数 Var -变量

[常量vs变量] [结构vs类]

官方文件docs.swift.org说

常量的值一旦设置就不能更改，而变量可以在将来设置为不同的值。

这个术语实际上描述了一种重新分配机制

可变性

可变性-可更改-对象创建后状态可以更改[关于]

取值及参考类型[关于]

引用类型(类)

Swift的类是可变的

Var +类 它可以被重新分配或更改

Let + class =地址常数 它不能被重新分配，可以被更改

值(结构、枚举)

Swift的struct可以改变它们的可变性状态:

Var + struct =可变的 它可以被重新分配或更改

let + struct = *immutable或unmodifiable[关于][示例][示例]= value的常量 它不能被重新分配或更改

*immutable检查testStructMutability测试

实验:

class MyClass {
    var varClass: NSMutableString
    var varStruct: String
    
    let letClass: NSMutableString
    let letStruct: String
    
    init(_ c: NSMutableString, _ s: String) {
        varClass = c
        varStruct = s
        
        letClass = c
        letStruct = s
    }
}

struct MyStruct {
    var varClass: NSMutableString
    var varStruct: String
    
    let letClass: NSMutableString
    let letStruct: String
    
    init(_ c: NSMutableString, _ s: String) {
        varClass = c
        varStruct = s
        
        letClass = c
        letStruct = s
    }
    
    
    //mutating function block
    func function() {
//            varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
//            varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
    }

    mutating func mutatingFunction() {
        varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
        varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
    }
}

可能的用例

func functionVarLetClassStruct() {
    
    var varMyClass = MyClass("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
    
    varMyClass.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
    varMyClass.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
    
//        varMyClass.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
//        varMyClass.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
    
    let letMyClass = MyClass("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
    
    letMyClass.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
    letMyClass.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
    
//        letMyClass.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
//        letMyClass.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
    
    var varMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
    
    varMyStruct.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
    varMyStruct.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
    
//        varMyStruct.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
//        varMyStruct.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
    
    let letMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
    
//        letMyStruct.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
//        letMyStruct.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
    
//        letMyStruct.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
//        letMyStruct.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
    
}

mutating -改变结构的函数

可以将结构的方法标记为突变

指示此函数更改内部属性值 你只能在var变量上调用变异函数 当突变函数完成时，结果可见

func testStructMutatingFunc() {
    //given
    var varMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
    
    //when
    varMyStruct.mutatingFunction()
    
    //than
    XCTAssert(varMyStruct.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyStruct.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
    
    // It is not possible to call a mutating function on a let variable
    let letMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
//        letMyStruct.mutatingFunction() //Cannot use mutating member on immutable value: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
}

函数内的Inout

Inout允许您重新分配/修改传递的(原始)值。 你只能在inout参数内传递var变量 当功能完成时，结果可见

Inout有一个下一个流程:

传递的值在函数调用之前被复制到被复制的值中 复制的值在函数完成后被赋值为传递的值

//InOut
func functionWithInOutParameter(a: inout MyClass, s: inout MyStruct) {
    
    a = MyClass("SECONDARY propertyClass", "SECONDARY propertyStruct") //<-- assign
    s = MyStruct("SECONDARY propertyClass", "SECONDARY propertyStruct") //<-- assign
}


func testInOutParameter() {

    //given
    var varMyClass = MyClass("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
    var varMyStruct = MyStruct("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")

    //when
    functionWithInOutParameter(a: &varMyClass, s: &varMyStruct)

    //then
    XCTAssert(varMyClass.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyClass.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
    XCTAssert(varMyStruct.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyStruct.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
    
    
    // It is not possible to pass let into inout parameter
    let letMyClass = MyClass("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
    let letMyStruct = MyStruct("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
//        functionWithInOutParameter(a: &letMyClass, s: &letMyStruct) //Cannot pass immutable value as inout argument: 'letMyClass', 'letMyStruct' are 'let' constants
}     

*你偷可以改变let + struct

func testStructMutability()  {
    //given
    let str: NSMutableString = "propertyClass"
    let letMyStruct = MyStruct(str, "propertyStruct")
    
    //when
    str.append(" SECONDARY")
    
    //then
    XCTAssert(letMyStruct.letClass == "propertyClass SECONDARY")
}

尽可能使用let。必要时使用var。

(变异结构)

let关键字用于声明一个常量，var关键字用于声明一个变量。用这些引用、指针或值创建的变量。

它们之间的区别是，当你使用let创建一个变量时，它将在声明后成为常量，以后不能修改或重新赋值。相反，带有var的变量可以立即赋值，也可以稍后赋值，或者根本不赋值。在swift中，您必须非常明确地声明您所声明的内容。

关键字var用来定义一个变量，你可以像这样轻松地修改它的值:

var no1 = 1 // declaring the variable 
no1 = 2 // changing the value since it is defined as a variable not a constant

但是，let关键字仅用于创建一个常量，当您不想再次更改常量的值时使用。如果你试图改变常数的值，你会得到一个错误:

let no2 = 5 // declaring no2 as a constant
no2 = 8 // this will give an error as you cannot change the value of a constant 

主要的区别是var变量值可以改变，而let不能。如果你想让一个用户输入数据，你可以使用var来改变值，使用let数据类型变量来改变值。

var str      = "dog"  // str value is "dog"
str          = "cat"  // str value is now "cat"

let strAnimal = "dog" // strAnimal value is "dog"
strAnimal     = "cat" // Error !