我使用subprocess模块启动子流程并连接到其输出流(标准输出)。我希望能够对其标准输出执行非阻塞读取。是否有一种方法使.readline非阻塞或在我调用.readline之前检查流上是否有数据?我希望这是可移植的，或者至少可以在Windows和Linux下工作。
下面是我现在怎么做的(如果没有数据可用，它会阻塞在.readline上):
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
output_str = p.stdout.readline()
当前回答
编辑:这个实现仍然会阻塞。请用j·f·塞巴斯蒂安的答案。
我尝试了上面的答案，但是线程代码的额外风险和维护令人担忧。
通过io模块(仅限于2.6)，我找到了BufferedReader。这是我的无线程、无阻塞的解决方案。
import io
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
p = Popen(['myprogram.exe'], stdout=PIPE)
SLEEP_DELAY = 0.001
# Create an io.BufferedReader on the file descriptor for stdout
with io.open(p.stdout.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False) as buffer:
while p.poll() == None:
time.sleep(SLEEP_DELAY)
while '\n' in bufferedStdout.peek(bufferedStdout.buffer_size):
line = buffer.readline()
# do stuff with the line
# Handle any remaining output after the process has ended
while buffer.peek():
line = buffer.readline()
# do stuff with the line
其他回答
尝试wexpect，它是pexpect的windows替代品。
import wexpect
p = wexpect.spawn('myprogram.exe')
p.stdout.readline('.') // regex pattern of any character
output_str = p.after()
Python 3.4为异步IO引入了新的临时API——asyncio模块。
该方法类似于@Bryan Ward的twisted-based回答——定义一个协议，一旦数据准备好，就调用它的方法:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import os
class SubprocessProtocol(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol):
def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data):
if fd == 1: # got stdout data (bytes)
print(data)
def connection_lost(self, exc):
loop.stop() # end loop.run_forever()
if os.name == 'nt':
loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop() # for subprocess' pipes on Windows
asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
else:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
loop.run_until_complete(loop.subprocess_exec(SubprocessProtocol,
"myprogram.exe", "arg1", "arg2"))
loop.run_forever()
finally:
loop.close()
请参阅文档中的“Subprocess”。
有一个高级接口asyncio.create_subprocess_exec()，它返回允许使用StreamReader.readline()协程异步读取一行的Process对象 (使用async/await Python 3.5+语法):
#!/usr/bin/env python3.5
import asyncio
import locale
import sys
from asyncio.subprocess import PIPE
from contextlib import closing
async def readline_and_kill(*args):
# start child process
process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args, stdout=PIPE)
# read line (sequence of bytes ending with b'\n') asynchronously
async for line in process.stdout:
print("got line:", line.decode(locale.getpreferredencoding(False)))
break
process.kill()
return await process.wait() # wait for the child process to exit
if sys.platform == "win32":
loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop()
asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
else:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
with closing(loop):
sys.exit(loop.run_until_complete(readline_and_kill(
"myprogram.exe", "arg1", "arg2")))
Readline_and_kill()执行以下任务:
启动子进程，将其标准输出重定向到管道 异步从子进程的stdout中读取一行 杀子流程 等待它退出
如果需要，每个步骤都可以被超时秒限制。
编辑:这个实现仍然会阻塞。请用j·f·塞巴斯蒂安的答案。
我尝试了上面的答案，但是线程代码的额外风险和维护令人担忧。
通过io模块(仅限于2.6)，我找到了BufferedReader。这是我的无线程、无阻塞的解决方案。
import io
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
p = Popen(['myprogram.exe'], stdout=PIPE)
SLEEP_DELAY = 0.001
# Create an io.BufferedReader on the file descriptor for stdout
with io.open(p.stdout.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False) as buffer:
while p.poll() == None:
time.sleep(SLEEP_DELAY)
while '\n' in bufferedStdout.peek(bufferedStdout.buffer_size):
line = buffer.readline()
# do stuff with the line
# Handle any remaining output after the process has ended
while buffer.peek():
line = buffer.readline()
# do stuff with the line
这个版本的非阻塞读取不需要特殊的模块，并且可以在大多数Linux发行版上开箱即用。
import os
import sys
import time
import fcntl
import subprocess
def async_read(fd):
# set non-blocking flag while preserving old flags
fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
# read char until EOF hit
while True:
try:
ch = os.read(fd.fileno(), 1)
# EOF
if not ch: break
sys.stdout.write(ch)
except OSError:
# waiting for data be available on fd
pass
def shell(args, async=True):
# merge stderr and stdout
proc = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
if async: async_read(proc.stdout)
sout, serr = proc.communicate()
return (sout, serr)
if __name__ == '__main__':
cmd = 'ping 8.8.8.8'
sout, serr = shell(cmd.split())
选择模块帮助您确定下一个有用的输入在哪里。
但是，您几乎总是更喜欢使用单独的线程。一个是阻塞读取stdin，另一个是阻塞你不想阻塞的地方。
