我添加这个问题是为了读一些子进程。Popen stdout。 下面是我的非阻塞读解决方案:

import fcntl

def non_block_read(output):
    fd = output.fileno()
    fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
    fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
    try:
        return output.read()
    except:
        return ""

# Use example
from subprocess import *
sb = Popen("echo test && sleep 1000", shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
sb.kill()

# sb.stdout.read() # <-- This will block
non_block_read(sb.stdout)
'test\n'

Fcntl, select, asyncproc在这种情况下不起作用。

不管操作系统如何，读取流而不阻塞的可靠方法是使用Queue.get_nowait():

import sys
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
from threading  import Thread

try:
    from queue import Queue, Empty
except ImportError:
    from Queue import Queue, Empty  # python 2.x

ON_POSIX = 'posix' in sys.builtin_module_names

def enqueue_output(out, queue):
    for line in iter(out.readline, b''):
        queue.put(line)
    out.close()

p = Popen(['myprogram.exe'], stdout=PIPE, bufsize=1, close_fds=ON_POSIX)
q = Queue()
t = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, q))
t.daemon = True # thread dies with the program
t.start()

# ... do other things here

# read line without blocking
try:  line = q.get_nowait() # or q.get(timeout=.1)
except Empty:
    print('no output yet')
else: # got line
    # ... do something with line

该解决方案使用select模块从IO流中“读取任何可用数据”。这个函数一开始会阻塞，直到数据可用，但随后只读取可用的数据，不再进一步阻塞。

鉴于它使用了select模块，这只适用于Unix。

该代码完全符合pep8。

import select


def read_available(input_stream, max_bytes=None):
    """
    Blocks until any data is available, then all available data is then read and returned.
    This function returns an empty string when end of stream is reached.

    Args:
        input_stream: The stream to read from.
        max_bytes (int|None): The maximum number of bytes to read. This function may return fewer bytes than this.

    Returns:
        str
    """
    # Prepare local variables
    input_streams = [input_stream]
    empty_list = []
    read_buffer = ""

    # Initially block for input using 'select'
    if len(select.select(input_streams, empty_list, empty_list)[0]) > 0:

        # Poll read-readiness using 'select'
        def select_func():
            return len(select.select(input_streams, empty_list, empty_list, 0)[0]) > 0

        # Create while function based on parameters
        if max_bytes is not None:
            def while_func():
                return (len(read_buffer) < max_bytes) and select_func()
        else:
            while_func = select_func

        while True:
            # Read single byte at a time
            read_data = input_stream.read(1)
            if len(read_data) == 0:
                # End of stream
                break
            # Append byte to string buffer
            read_buffer += read_data
            # Check if more data is available
            if not while_func():
                break

    # Return read buffer
    return read_buffer

我添加这个问题是为了读一些子进程。Popen stdout。 下面是我的非阻塞读解决方案:

import fcntl

def non_block_read(output):
    fd = output.fileno()
    fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
    fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
    try:
        return output.read()
    except:
        return ""

# Use example
from subprocess import *
sb = Popen("echo test && sleep 1000", shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
sb.kill()

# sb.stdout.read() # <-- This will block
non_block_read(sb.stdout)
'test\n'

You can do this really easily in Twisted. Depending upon your existing code base, this might not be that easy to use, but if you are building a twisted application, then things like this become almost trivial. You create a ProcessProtocol class, and override the outReceived() method. Twisted (depending upon the reactor used) is usually just a big select() loop with callbacks installed to handle data from different file descriptors (often network sockets). So the outReceived() method is simply installing a callback for handling data coming from STDOUT. A simple example demonstrating this behavior is as follows:

from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor

class MyProcessProtocol(protocol.ProcessProtocol):

    def outReceived(self, data):
        print data

proc = MyProcessProtocol()
reactor.spawnProcess(proc, './myprogram', ['./myprogram', 'arg1', 'arg2', 'arg3'])
reactor.run()

Twisted文档在这方面有一些很好的信息。

如果您围绕Twisted构建整个应用程序，它可以与其他进程(本地或远程)进行异步通信，就像这样非常优雅。另一方面，如果您的程序不是构建在Twisted之上，那么这真的不会有多大帮助。希望这能对其他读者有所帮助，即使它不适用于您的特定应用程序。

使用select & read(1)。

import subprocess     #no new requirements
def readAllSoFar(proc, retVal=''): 
  while (select.select([proc.stdout],[],[],0)[0]!=[]):   
    retVal+=proc.stdout.read(1)
  return retVal
p = subprocess.Popen(['/bin/ls'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
while not p.poll():
  print (readAllSoFar(p))

readline()例如:

lines = ['']
while not p.poll():
  lines = readAllSoFar(p, lines[-1]).split('\n')
  for a in range(len(lines)-1):
    print a
lines = readAllSoFar(p, lines[-1]).split('\n')
for a in range(len(lines)-1):
  print a